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初中英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法4-冠詞
冠詞五、冠詞（art.）用在名詞前,幫助說明其意義
冠詞分為不定冠詞a／an和定冠詞the,放在名詞前、a／3n用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前（a用于輔音音素開頭的詞前,an用于元音音素開頭的詞前）。
1.不定冠詞
�。�1）不定冠詞的用法
�、俜褐浮惾嘶蛭铩�
eg.This is a pencil case.
She’S a doctor.
�、谥覆痪唧w的某個(gè)人或物。
eg.I met an old man On my way home.
③用在序數(shù)詞前,相當(dāng)于another.
eg.There’s a third boy near the shop.
�、鼙硎尽懊俊▊�(gè)）”,相當(dāng)于every.
eg.They have music lessons twice a week.
�、莨潭ù钆�。
a lot Of,a lot,a little,a few,a glass Of,such a／an, have a word with,have a look,have a try,have a swim,a quarter,half an hour, three times a day,have a talk,give a talk,ten Yuan a kilo
�。�2）不定冠詞的位置
�、俨欢ü谠~—般放在所修飾的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。
eg,a bike,an egg
�、诋�(dāng)名詞被such,what,many修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞放在這些詞之后。
eg.It took me half an hour to finish my homework.
He left in such a hurry that he forgot to close the door.
What a dangerous job it is！
Many a man has gone to the big cities for work.
�、郛�(dāng)名詞前的形容詞前有so,how,too等詞時(shí)，不定冠詞應(yīng)放在形容詞之后。
Eg. She was so nice a girl that she took the blind man to the station.
How nice a film this is！
④當(dāng)名詞前面有形容詞和quite,rather,very時(shí)，不定冠詞放在quite,rather之后,very之前。
eg.It is quite a good book.
That is rather a useful too1.
This is a very interesting story
2.定冠詞的用法表示上文中所提到過的人或物。
eg：l have two children,a boy and a girl.The boy’s name is Mark.The girl’s name is Penny.
�。�2）特指某（些）人或物。
eg： The girl in a red dress comes from America.
�。�3）指說話人和聽話人都熟悉的人或物。
eg： My shoes are under the bed.
（4）用在形容最高級(jí)和部分比較級(jí)前。
eg Tom is the taller of the two boys.
（5）用在序數(shù)詞前。
eg Monday is the second day of a week.
�。�6）yo用在世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物前（如太陽(yáng)、月亮、世界、地球、天空、宇宙等）。
cg The moon moves round the earth.
（7）用在某些形容詞前，表示—類人或物。
the rich（富人）,the poor（窮人）,the deaf（聾人）,the blind（盲人）,the dead（死者）,the wounded（傷員）
�。�8）用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前,表示“某某—家人”或“某某夫婦”。
eg.The Greens are having dinner at home.
�。�9）用在樂器前。
eg.play the piano／guitar／violin／drums.
�。�10）用于逢“十”的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前，指某個(gè)世紀(jì)中的幾十年代或人的大約年歲。
eg. In the 1970s,a highway was built to linkup the city with my hometown.
I think he is in the thirties.
�。�11）用在某些專有名詞和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。
the United Nations,the Great Wall,the Summer Palace,the Palace Museum,in the end,in the day,in the middle Of,all the time,in the east,by the way,On the way tO,the（more）……
the（more）…“越…越…”
3.不用冠詞的情況
�。�1）名詞前有指示代詞this,that,these,those時(shí)不用冠詞。
eg.That girl is my friend.
�。�2）名詞前有物主代詞my,your,his her,their等時(shí)不用冠詞。
eg.Lucy is her sister.
�。�3）名詞前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代詞時(shí)不用冠詞。
eg.Which man is Mr Green？
Each student has a beautiful picture.
�。�4）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或物時(shí)不用冠詞。
eg.Those young men are teachers,not students.
（5）物質(zhì)名詞表示種類時(shí)不用冠詞。
eg.Snow is white.
�。�6）抽象名詞表示一般概念時(shí)不用冠詞。
eg.Does she like music？
�。�7）在球類運(yùn)動(dòng)和棋類游戲前時(shí)不用冠詞。
eg.play basketball／soccer／chess
�。�8）在三餐前不用冠詞。
eg.have breakfast／lunch／supper／dinner
�。�9）在人名、地名、節(jié)假日、星期、月份前不用。
eg. Tina,China,Tiananmen Square,Beijing,University,New Year’s Day,Tuesday,January
�。�10）在學(xué)科和節(jié)目名稱前不用冠詞。
eg.My favorite is English.
（11）在某些固定搭配中不用冠詞。
eg.at noon, at work,at home,by bus, by air,On foot,from morning till night,at night,gO tO school,go to bed,at last
4.在有些詞組中，用冠詞和不用冠詞意思有較大區(qū)別。
in hospital（在住院）；in the hospital（在醫(yī)院）
in prison（在坐牢）；in the prison（在監(jiān)獄里）
at table（吃飯,用餐）；at the table（在桌旁）
in front of（在某個(gè)范圍之外的前面）；in the front of（在某個(gè)范圍之外的前面）
go to college（上大學(xué)）；go to the college（去那所大學(xué)）
take place（發(fā)生）；take the place（代替）
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