初中英語語法分類詳細介紹
初中英語語法大全：不定式詳解
不定式和動詞象一對姐妹一樣親密，本不該拆開來講，可是篇幅有限，只能讓他們分開了。不定式的構(gòu)成非常簡單，告訴我是什么?對!是to+動詞原形。當然啦，to有時也可以不帶。動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以擔當除謂語外的任何句子成分。那什么時候可以不帶to呢? Listen to me carefully.
不定式省to有四種情況：
使役動詞 let,have,make 等后接不定式。如：Let him go! 讓他走!
would rather，had better后。如：You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。
Why... / why not...后。如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 為什么星期天不好好休息一下呢?
感官動詞 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell,feel, find 等后作賓補，省to。如：I saw him dance. 我看見他跳舞。
注意：這些情況在被動句中可千萬不可省to 喲! 如：The boss made them work the whole night. 變成被動句：They were made to work the whole night.
不定式的特殊用法：
It與不定式：動詞不定式可以做主語，但如果動詞不定式太長，顯得頭重腳輕的，那么我們就可用形式主語it代替，而把真正主語(即不定式)放于句尾。
如: It is not difficult for me to study English well.(對我來說學(xué)好英語是可能的。)
不定式還可以充當句子的賓語，但有些動詞，如find，think，believe 等，在語法上不能接受不定式作賓語，只有用it作形式賓語，從而把動詞不定式置于句尾。這樣的不定式可繼續(xù)充當其賓語的作用。
如: I found it difficult to fall asleep.我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難入睡。
還有一點：動詞不定式，還可用在how，when，where，what，which 等疑問代詞或副詞之后，與其共同作賓語。如：I don't know how to use a computer.我不知道怎樣使用電腦。Remember?
too...to...和enough...to：too...to表達"太 ... 一致于不能..."。
enough ... to 表達 "足以..."。這兩個詞組的用法用兩個例子就可以說清楚了。
The box is too heavy for me to lift.這個箱子太沉了，我提不動。
He is old enough to go to school.他到上學(xué)的年齡了。也就是說，他的年齡足夠上學(xué)了。記住這兩個句子就可以舉一反三，應(yīng)用自如。你記住了嗎?
好吧，再試一把趁熱打鐵!
練習(xí)：
1. Tell him ___ the window.
A. to close not
B. not to close
C. to not close
D. not close
2. Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
3. You'd better _______the story in Japanese.
A. say
B. speak
C. tell
D. talk
4. The patient was warned ___ oily food after the operation.
A. to eat not
B. eating not
C. not to eat
D. not eating
5. ---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go
D. try going
6. There are some books on the floor, would you like ________?
A. to pick them up
B. to pick up them
C. pick it up
D. pick up it
7. She is very ill, let's _______a doctor at once.
A. to wake up
B. send for
C. to pay for
D. pay for
8. I want ________a teacher when I grow up.
A. to be
B. to
C. be
D. being
9. It's cold here. You'd better ______ your coat.
A. not take out
B. not to take down
C. not take off
D. not to take away
10. My mother told me ________more water.
A. drinking
B. drank
C. to drink
D. drink
實戰(zhàn)：
1. You'd better _______read in the sun.
A. not to
B. not
C. don't
D. to
2. You aren't a new driver, are you? _______.
A. No, I am
B. Yes, I'm not
C. No, you are
D. Yes, I am
3. Must I stay here now?_________.
A. No, you mustn't
B. No, you needn't
C. Yes, you can
D. Yes, you may
4. There is _______ "s" in the word "bus".
A. a
B. an
C. the
D. /
5. Neithere of us ______a doctor.
A. is
B. isn't
C. are
D. aren't
6. Who was the first in the girls'_________race?
A. 400 metre
B. 400-metre
C. 400 metres
D. 400-metres
7. It's too noisy here, I can't _______.
A. go to sleep
B. fall to sleep
C. sleeping
D. get to sleep
8. The story happened ________ the evening of October 20, 1995.
A. at
B. on
C. in
D. to
9. Could I speak to Mr Gao, please? ________. He has gone to the hospital.
A. I think so
B. Certainly, you can
C. I'm afraid not
D. I'm not sure
10. I'm sorry to trouble you, Miss Hu. ________.
A. Fine, thank you.
B. All right.
C. It's very kind of you .
D. It doesn't matter.
11. Can you tell me where________?
A. is the post office
B. the post office is
C. does the post office
D. the post office does
12. In England, the first name is _______name, but in China, the first name is ______ name.
A. family, given
B. given, family
C. family, family
D. given, given
13. Li Ping met an old friend of _______ on a train yesterday.
A. he
B. him
C. his
D. her
14. Kate is ________ girl.
A. a eighteen-year-old
B. a eighteen-years-old
C. an eighteen -years-old
D. an eighteen-year-old
15. Our city is getting ________.
A. beautiful and beautiful
B. beautifuler and beautifuler
C. more and more beautiful
D. more beautifler and more beautifuler
初中英語語法大全：動詞的`種類
動詞的種類
動詞是表示動作或狀態(tài)的詞，按其詞義和在句子中的作用可分為行為動詞，連系動詞，助動詞和情態(tài)動詞。
1．行為動詞
行為動詞可分為及物動詞 (vt)和不及物動詞(vi)，及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨作謂語，后跟賓語；不及物動詞表示動作或狀態(tài)，有完整的詞義，能單獨作謂語，但后面不能直接跟賓語，如要帶賓語則與介詞或副詞構(gòu)成短語。
如：
More and more people study English.(vt)
The students are listening to the teacher carefully.(vi)
2．連系動詞
連系動詞本身有一定的詞義，但不能獨立作謂語，必須與表語一起構(gòu)成謂語。常用的連系動詞有 be, get, turn, become, look, feel, grow, seem, sound, taste, smell等。
如：
Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
It feels damp.
3．助動詞
助動詞本身無詞義，不能單獨作謂語，只能和主要動詞一起構(gòu)成謂語動詞，表示否定，疑問及動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)、人稱和數(shù)等語法特征，助動詞有 be,do,have,shall,will等。
如：
How do you usually come to school?
The children are playing yo-yo now.
4．情態(tài)動詞
情態(tài)動詞本身有一定的意義，但不能獨立作謂語，只能和主要動詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語氣和情態(tài)。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動詞有 can (could),may(might),must, need, ought to, dare等。
如：
Can I help you?
- Must we go now? -No, you needn't .
a. can與be able to的用法有所區(qū)別。can只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和過去時，指本身有能力的"能"；be able to用于各種時態(tài)均可，指須經(jīng)過努力而"能"。
b. must與have/has to的用法。must表示說話人主觀認為"必須"，只用于一般現(xiàn)在時和一般將來時；have/has to表示客觀需要，意為"不得不"，它可用于各種時態(tài)。
c．need和dare既可作情態(tài)動詞也可作行為動詞。
以上對動詞的種類知識的內(nèi)容講解學(xué)習(xí)，相信同學(xué)們已經(jīng)能很好的掌握了吧，希望同學(xué)們在考試中取得很好的成績。
初中英語語法大全：動詞不定式的形式
動詞不定式的形式
1．作主語。 如：
To learn English is very important.
但實際上不定式作主語常用 it來作形式主語，而將不定式移至謂語動詞后作真正的主語。
如上句可表達為：
It's very important to learn English.
2．作表語。 如：
My idea is to ring him up at once.
3．作賓語。 如：
I have decided to go to Binjiang Primary School.
4．作賓語補足語。
a. ask, want, teach, tell, know, would like, allow等動詞后面接動詞不定式作賓語補足語。
如： The policemen asked him to get off the bus.
b. hear, see, look at, feel, watch, notice, listen to等動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。
如： We often see Miss Li clean the classroom.
c. let, make, have這些使役動詞后接不帶to的動詞不定式作賓語補足語。但在被動語態(tài)中這些不帶to的都須帶上to。
如： In those days the bosses often made the workers work day and night.
d.動詞help接動詞不定式作賓語補足語，可帶to也可不帶to。
如： Can you help me (to) carry the heavy bag?
5．作定語。
a.與被修飾詞有動賓關(guān)系。如：I have something important to tell you.但如果不定式動詞為不及物動詞，后面的介詞千萬不要省略。
如： Maybe they have three rooms to live in.
b.與被修飾詞有主謂關(guān)系。
如： Mr Liang is always the first to come and the last to leave.
c.與被修飾之間只有修飾關(guān)系。
如： I have no time to play cards.
6．作狀語，表示目的、原因、方法、方向、結(jié)果等。
如： I'll go to meet my friend at the railway station.
7．不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)"for sb. to do sth" 作主語時，常用"It is +adj+ forof sb. to do sth"的句式。形容詞good, bad, polite, unkind, kind, ice, clever,right, wrong, careful等用"It is +adj +of sb. to do sth."其他形容詞用 for。
如：
It's dangerous for you to ride so fast.
It's very kind of you to help me.
8．動詞不定式與疑問句who, what, which, when, how, where, whether等連用。
如： I don't know when to start.
He didn't tell me where to go.
但上面結(jié)構(gòu)相當于一個從句，故上述句子也可表達為：
I don't know when we'll start.
He didn't tell me where he would go.
注意：
a.有些動詞或動詞短語不能帶不定式，只能接動詞的-ing形式。
如： enjoy, finish, keep, mind, miss(錯過),be busy, go on, keep on, be worth, practise等。
如： The peasants are busy picking apples.
Would you mind my opening the door?
b.有些動詞后可接不定式，也可接動詞的-ing形式，但意思不同。
如： Lu Jian forgot to post the letter.(該寄但還沒做)
Lu Jian forgot posting the letter.(已經(jīng)寄過信了)
They stopped to sing a song.(停止在做的工作而去做另一件工作)
They stopped singing.(停止正在做的工作)
初中英語語法大全：短語動詞的四種類型
短語動詞的四種類型
動詞與介詞、副詞等構(gòu)成的固定短語，叫短語動詞。主要有四類：
一、動詞+副詞
有的一般不跟賓語，如go ahead, fall behind, get up, lie down, go up, run out, give in, stay up等；有的可以跟賓語，如put out, carry out, give up, wake up, check in, eat up, fill in, find out, fix up, hand in, mix up, look up, make out, turn down, work out等。
注意：賓語是名詞時，放在副詞前面或后面都可以，但若作賓語的是人稱代詞時，就只能放在動詞和副詞之間了。如：
We’ve decided to put the meeting off (=put off the meeting) . 我們決定把會議推遲。
We’ve decided to put it off. 我們決定將它推遲。(不說put off it)
二、動詞+介詞
如ask for, care for, call for, break into, deal with, call on, look for等。后面必須接賓語。如：
I don’t care for tea. 我不喜歡喝茶。
三、動詞+副詞+介詞
如look forward to, put up with, looked up to, go in for, go along with, date back to, look down on, keep up with, add up to, run out of等。如：
She soon caught up with us. 她很快趕上了我們。
四、動詞+名詞+介詞
如take care of, pay attention to, make use of, make contribution to做出貢獻等。如：
Take care of your brother while I am away. 我不在的時候，你要照顧好你弟弟。
初中英語語法大全：及物動詞與不及物動詞
及物動詞與不及物動詞
根據(jù)其后是否帶賓語，動詞可分為及物動詞(帶賓語)和不及物動詞(不帶賓語)。如：
When will he arrive? 他什么時候到？(arrive 不帶賓語，為不及物動詞)
He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到達北京。(reach 帶了賓語，為及物動詞)
有的動詞既可用作及物動詞也可用作不及物動詞：
The child is playing. 這小孩在玩。（不及物用法）
The child is playing the piano. 這小孩在彈鋼琴。（及物用法）
He is writing. 他在寫字。（不及物用法）
He is writing a letter. 他在寫信。（及物用法）
The boy is reading. 這男孩在閱讀。 （不及物用法）
The boy is reading a magazine. 這男孩在看雜志。（及物用法）
初中英語語法大全：實義動詞與非實義動詞
實義動詞與非實義動詞
根據(jù)其含義和句子功用，動詞可分為實義動詞和非實義動詞(包括時態(tài)助動詞和情態(tài)助動詞等)。如：
He bought a story book. 他買了一本故事書。(buy 為實義動詞)
He has read the story book. 他已讀過這本故事書。(has 為時態(tài)助動詞，read為實意動詞)
He should read the story book. 他應(yīng)該讀讀這本故事書。(should 為情態(tài)助動詞,red為實義動詞)
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