英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)合集（15篇）
上學(xué)的時(shí)候，說(shuō)到知識(shí)點(diǎn)，大家是不是都習(xí)慣性的重視？知識(shí)點(diǎn)有時(shí)候特指教科書(shū)上或考試的知識(shí)。還在苦惱沒(méi)有知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)嗎？下面是小編精心整理的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)，僅供參考，大家一起來(lái)看看吧。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)1
第一、學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的竅門之一就是要經(jīng)常的聽(tīng)，不斷的聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)，這個(gè)聽(tīng)是有選擇性的，特別是有代表性的專業(yè)朗讀的英語(yǔ)，最好是考試的聽(tīng)力練習(xí)的英語(yǔ)必須要聽(tīng)進(jìn)去。
第二、我們要學(xué)習(xí)好英語(yǔ)主要要學(xué)習(xí)的是詞匯，你自己的詞匯量越大，就學(xué)習(xí)的越好，所以我們要多背，大家一定要知道單詞是基礎(chǔ)，我們一定要堅(jiān)持背單詞，擴(kuò)大詞匯量，
特別是一些語(yǔ)言的特殊詞匯。
第三、敢于開(kāi)口說(shuō)英語(yǔ)，這是一個(gè)必須學(xué)英語(yǔ)的人要做到的事情，因?yàn)殚_(kāi)口說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的時(shí)候，你會(huì)得到口齒的鍛煉，同時(shí)你的頭腦也會(huì)不斷的進(jìn)行詞語(yǔ)的組合，這樣會(huì)起到很好的.效果。
第四、如果我們是學(xué)生的話需要掌握各種題型，而且要經(jīng)常的寫(xiě)，英語(yǔ)作文也必須要練，而且要盡量的多寫(xiě)，特別是我們最好堅(jiān)持每天用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)一篇日記，這樣對(duì)于英語(yǔ)的鞏固有很好的作用。
第五、我們善于利用各種不同的網(wǎng)絡(luò)英語(yǔ)工具，特別是一些讀寫(xiě)的軟件，這類軟件的使用會(huì)提高我們的詞匯量和聽(tīng)讀能力，在很大程度上為我們的英語(yǔ)水平的提高打好基礎(chǔ)。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)2
┃陳述句┃ 陳述句是用于陳述事實(shí)和觀點(diǎn)的句子。包括肯定結(jié)構(gòu)和否定結(jié)構(gòu)�？隙ň渥兎穸ň涞幕痉椒ㄈ缦拢�
1．be 動(dòng)詞的否定式：在be動(dòng)詞后面加否定詞not。如：We aren't classmates. 我們不是同學(xué)。
2．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定式：在情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面直接加否定詞not。如： I can't speak English well. 我英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得不好。
3．實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的否定式：借助助動(dòng)詞do/ does構(gòu)成。一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)＋doesn't/don't ＋動(dòng)詞原形＋其他。如：He doesn't do exercise every day.他不是每天鍛煉。
┃疑問(wèn)句┃ 疑問(wèn)句的主要交際功能是提出問(wèn)題，詢問(wèn)情況。分為一般疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句。
1．一般疑問(wèn)句：通常用來(lái)詢問(wèn)一件事情是否屬實(shí)。答句通常是“Yes”或“No”。如： ―Are you tired? ―Yes, I am.“你累嗎？”“是的，我累�！�
2．選擇疑問(wèn)句：指提出兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上可能的答案供對(duì)方選擇。如： Shall we go home or stay here for the night? 我們回家還是待在這里過(guò)夜？
3．特殊疑問(wèn)句：以疑問(wèn)詞開(kāi)頭，對(duì)句中某一成分提問(wèn)的句子叫特殊疑問(wèn)句。如： What do you like most? 你最喜歡什么？
4．反意疑問(wèn)句：反意疑問(wèn)句又叫附加疑問(wèn)句，由兩部分組成，前一部分是對(duì)事物的陳述 即陳述句 ，后一部分是簡(jiǎn)短的提問(wèn) 即簡(jiǎn)短疑問(wèn)句 ，中間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。要遵循“前否后肯”、“前肯后否”的原則，且兩部分的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要一致。
�。�1）陳述部分為L(zhǎng)et us?時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分習(xí)慣上用“will you？”； 陳述部分為L(zhǎng)et‘s?時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分習(xí)慣上用“shall we？”如： Let us go to the cinema, will you? Let’s go to the cinema, shall we?
�。�2）陳述部分為“There Here ＋ be ＋ 主語(yǔ)”時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分用“動(dòng)詞＋there here ？”形式。如： There are two cakes on the plate, aren't there?
（3） 反意疑問(wèn)句的陳述部分帶有l(wèi)ittle, few, never, hardly, seldom等否定意義的詞時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分用肯定式。如： She seldom goes swimming, does she?
（4） 陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為指物的不定代詞時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分的主語(yǔ)用it。如： Something is wrong with the computer, isn't it?
�。�5）陳述部分的主語(yǔ)為指人的不定代詞時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分的`主語(yǔ)用he或 they，這時(shí)問(wèn)句動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)和he或 they一致。如： Someone is knocking at the door, isn't he?
（6） 反意疑問(wèn)句的陳述部分為“I We don‘t think believe, suppose, consider ＋ that從句”時(shí)，問(wèn)句部分的動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)仍與that從句保持一致且用肯定式。如： I don't think that he has finished the work on time, has he?
�。�7）反意疑問(wèn)句的陳述部分含有由un-， im-， in-， dis-等否定意義的前綴構(gòu)成的詞語(yǔ)時(shí)，陳述部分要視為肯定含義，問(wèn)句部分用否定形式。如：It is unfair, isn't it?
�。�8） 陳述部分為肯定的祈使句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分可用will you/ won't you; 陳述部分為否定的祈使句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分只能用will you。 如： Don't make any noise, will you?
┃祈使句┃ 祈使句是表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、祝愿或建議的句子。否定式是直接在動(dòng)詞原形前加don't。
常見(jiàn)的祈使句的基本句型如下：
1．動(dòng)詞原形＋其他。 如： Be careful.
2．Do ＋動(dòng)詞原形 加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣 。如： Do be careful next time.
3．加please的祈使句 表示更加客氣和禮貌 。如： Open the door, please.
┃感嘆句┃ 感嘆句一般用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話時(shí)的喜悅、驚訝等情感。英語(yǔ)感嘆句常用what或how引導(dǎo)，句末用感嘆號(hào)。
1．what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。
�。�1）What＋a/an＋形容詞＋單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞 ＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ) ！如：What a difficult question it is!
�。�2） What＋形容詞＋復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞/不可數(shù)名詞 ＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ) ！如：What useful information!
2．how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句。
�。�1） How＋形容詞/副詞＋主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ)！如： How kind they are!
（2） How＋陳述句 主語(yǔ)＋謂語(yǔ) ！如： How time flies!
�。�3）what引導(dǎo)的感嘆句可以和how引導(dǎo)的感嘆句互換。如： What a good girl! ＝ How good the girl is!
┃倒裝句┃
1．副詞位于句首時(shí)。here, there, now, then等副詞置于句首時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。這種倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。如： Here he comes. 他來(lái)了。
2．only在句首強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)。如： Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那時(shí)他才意識(shí)到他錯(cuò)了。
3．以so/neither/nor開(kāi)頭的句子。 此句型說(shuō)明前面的內(nèi)容也適用于后者，用倒裝句“so/neither/nor＋be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語(yǔ)”。如： John can't swim, neither can I.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)3
1.賓語(yǔ)從句
2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
3.一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法比較：
【名師講解】
1. Maybe/ may be
(1) maybe是副詞，意思是“大概，也許”，常用作狀語(yǔ)。
Maybe you put it in your bag.也許你把它放在包里了。
“Will he come tomorrow?”“Maybe not.” “他明天來(lái)嗎?”“也許不”。
(2) may be相當(dāng)于是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may與be動(dòng)詞搭配一起作謂語(yǔ)，意思是“也許是…，可能是…”。
It may be 9:00 when they arrive.他們可能于九點(diǎn)到達(dá)。
The man may be a lawyer.那人也許是律師。
2. borrow/ lend/ keep/ use
(1) borrow表示的是從別人那里借來(lái)東西，即我們通常所說(shuō)的“借進(jìn)來(lái)”。
We often borrow books from our school library.我們經(jīng)常從學(xué)校圖書(shū)館借書(shū)。
I borrowed this dictionary from my teacher.我從老師那兒借來(lái)了這本字典。
borrow是一個(gè)瞬間完成的動(dòng)作，因此不能與時(shí)間段連用。
You can borrow my recorder for three days. (錯(cuò)誤)
I have borrowed this book for only one week. (錯(cuò)誤)
(2) lend表示的是把自己的東西借給別人，即我們通常所說(shuō)的“借出去”。
Thank you for lending me your bike.謝謝你把自行車借給我。
He often lends money to his brother.他經(jīng)常借錢給他弟弟。
lend與borrow一樣，也是一個(gè)瞬間完成的動(dòng)作，不能與一段時(shí)間連用。
(3) keep的意思也是“借”，但一般是指借來(lái)后的保存或使用階段，是一段持續(xù)的時(shí)間，因此可以與時(shí)
間段連用。
You can keep my recorder for three days.我的錄音機(jī)你可以借用三天。
I have kept this book for only one week.這本書(shū)我才剛借了一星期。
(4) use也可以當(dāng)“借用”講，但它的本意是“用，使用”。
May I use your ruler?我能借你的尺子用一下嗎?
He had to use this public telephone.他不得不使用這部公用電話。
3. leave/ leave for
(1) leave意思是“離開(kāi)，留下”。
We left Shanghai two years ago.我們兩年前離開(kāi)了上海。
He left his cell phone in the taxi last week.他上周把手機(jī)落在出租車?yán)锪恕?/p>
(2) leave for意思是“前往”，表示要去的目的地。
We will leave for Tibet next month.我們將于下月去西藏。
The train is leaving for Moscow.這趟火車即將開(kāi)往莫斯科。
4. since/ for
(1) since用于完成時(shí)態(tài)，既能用作介詞，也能用作連詞，后常接時(shí)間點(diǎn)，意思是“自從”。
He has been a worker since he came into this city.
自從他來(lái)到這個(gè)城市，他就是工人了。
I have never seen him since we last met in Shanghai .
自從我們上次在上海見(jiàn)過(guò)之后，我再也沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)他。
since作連詞，還有“既然”的意思。
Since you are interested in it, just do it.既然你對(duì)它感興趣，那就做吧。
You can have fun now since you’ve finished your work.
既然你已經(jīng)做完了功課，就開(kāi)心玩會(huì)兒吧。
(2) for用于完成時(shí)，用作介詞，后常接一段時(shí)間，意思是“經(jīng)過(guò)…”。
I have learned English for five years.我已經(jīng)學(xué)了五年英語(yǔ)了。
They have waited for you for 30 minutes.他們已經(jīng)等了你三十分鐘了。
for也可以用作連詞，但意思是“因?yàn)椤薄?/p>
They missed the flight for they were late.他們由于完到了而誤了航班。
He fell ill for many reasons.他由于多種原因病倒了。
9. except/ besides
(1) except是指不包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“撇開(kāi)…不談”,表示兩部分的不同。
Everyone is excited except me.
除我以外的每個(gè)人都很激動(dòng)。(他們激動(dòng)，而我卻不激動(dòng))
All the visitors are Japanese except him.
除他以外的所有游客都是日本人。(其他人是日本人，可他不是)
(2)besides是包括后面所提人或物在內(nèi)的“除了”，可以理解為“除之外…還、除之外…又”，表示兩部分的相似性。
Twenty-five students went to the cinema besides him.
除他以外，還有25個(gè)學(xué)生去看了電影。(他和另外25人都去了)
We like biology besides English.
除了英語(yǔ)外，我們還喜歡生物。(生物和英語(yǔ)都喜歡)
besides還可用作副詞，意思是“此外;而且”，常用于句首或句尾。
He is a great thinker, and besides, he is a politician.
他是一名偉大的思想家，除此以外，他還是一位政治家。
They encouraged me, and they supported me with money, besides.
他們不僅鼓勵(lì)我，而且與我以金錢上的支持。
10. keep doing/ keep on doing
(1) keep doing指的'是連續(xù)地、堅(jiān)持不斷地做某事，中間不間斷。
It kept blowing for a whole day.刮了一整天風(fēng)了。
The temperature keeps dropping.溫度持續(xù)下降。
(2) keep on doing是指反復(fù)堅(jiān)持做某事，但動(dòng)作之間略有間隔。
They have kept on writing to each other for many years.他們已經(jīng)互相通信多年了。
After drinking some water, he kept on talking.喝了一些水后，他堅(jiān)持講話。
11. seem/ look
(1) seem一般著重于以客觀跡象為依據(jù)，意思是“似乎、好象、看起來(lái)…”。
The baby seems to be happy.嬰兒看上去似乎很高興。
He seemed to be sorry for that.他似乎為那件事感到抱歉。
seem能與to do結(jié)構(gòu)連用，而look不能。
It seems to rain.似乎要下雨了。
They seemed to have finished their work.他們似乎已經(jīng)完成了工作。
在it作形式主語(yǔ)的句型中只能用seem。
It seems that he is quite busy now.他現(xiàn)在看起來(lái)很忙。
It seems to us that there is nothing serious.在我看來(lái)沒(méi)什么大不了的。
(2) look用作“看起來(lái);好像”時(shí)，常從物體的外觀或樣貌上來(lái)判斷，是以視覺(jué)所接受的印象為依據(jù)的。
The room looks clean.這間房看起來(lái)很干凈。
The girl looks like her mother.那女孩看起來(lái)向她的媽媽。
12. such/ so
(1)such常用作形容詞，用來(lái)修飾名詞。
Don’t be such a fool.別這么傻。
He is such a clever boy.他是如此聰明的一個(gè)男孩。
(2) so是副詞，用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞。
He is so kind!他真好心!
Why did you come so late?你為何回來(lái)得如此晚?
當(dāng)名詞前有many, much, few, little等表示多、少時(shí)，應(yīng)該用so。
He has so many friends.他有如此多的朋友。
Only so little time is left!才剩這么一點(diǎn)兒時(shí)間!
13. either/ too/ also
(1)either用作“也”時(shí)是副詞，常用于否定句句尾。
She is not a Japanese, I’m not, either.她不是日本人，我也不是。
My sister doesn’t like this song, either.我妹妹也不喜歡這首歌。
(2)too常用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句尾，表示“也”。
He likes China, too.他也喜歡中國(guó)。
Are you in Grade 3, too?你也在三年級(jí)嗎?
(3)also也常用于肯定句或疑問(wèn)句，但一般位于句中。
We are also students.我們也是學(xué)生。
He also went there on foot.他也是走著去的。
Did you also want to have a look?你也想看看嗎?
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)4
關(guān)于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的語(yǔ)法：
1、一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。一般過(guò)去時(shí)也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)常或反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作感謝。
2、Be動(dòng)詞在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中的變化：⑴am和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。(wasnot=wasn’t)⑵are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。(werenot=weren’t)⑶帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am,are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。
3、句中沒(méi)有be動(dòng)詞的一般過(guò)去時(shí)的.句子否定句：didn’t +動(dòng)詞原形，如：Jim didn’t go home yesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句：在句首加did，句子中的動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變回原形。如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑問(wèn)句：⑴疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形?如：What did Jim do yesterday?⑵疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式?如：Whowent to home yesterday?
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)語(yǔ)法解析：
1、經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻度的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
2、客觀真理，客觀存在，科學(xué)事實(shí)。
The earth moves around the sun.
Shanghai lies in the east of China.
3、表示格言或警句中。
Pride goes before a fall.驕者必?cái) ?/p>
注意：此用法如果出現(xiàn)在賓語(yǔ)從句中，即使主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句謂語(yǔ)也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
例：Columbus proved that the earth is round..
4、現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻的狀態(tài)、能力、性格、個(gè)性。
I don't want so much.
Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.
【比較】
1、Now I put the sugar in the cup.
2、I am doing my homework now.
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其它成分
We are having lunch.
He is reading a book.
The dog is running after a cat.
The boys are swimming across the river.
★變疑問(wèn)句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首
Are we having lunch?
Is he reading a book?
Is the dog running after a cat?
Are the boys swimming across the river?
★變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not
We are not having lunch.
He is not reading a book.
The dog is not running after a cat.
The boys are swimming across the river.
★特殊疑問(wèn)句：what, which, how, where, who, etc.
疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞
What are you doing?
What is she doing?
What is the dog doing?
沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞(必背)
表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺(jué)的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作
1.表示感覺(jué)，感官的詞
see, hear, like, love, want,
2. have, has當(dāng)擁有講時(shí)沒(méi)有進(jìn)行時(shí)
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)5
一、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：
（1、現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。2、經(jīng)�；蛄�(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。3、主語(yǔ)所具備的性格和能力。4、真理。）1、標(biāo)志：often（經(jīng)常）,usually（通常）,sometimes（有時(shí)）,always（總是）,never（從不）,onSundays（在星期天）,everyday/month/year（每一天/月/年）2、結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）主語(yǔ)+連系動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are)+名詞/形容詞/數(shù)詞/介詞短語(yǔ)/副詞等做表語(yǔ)表狀態(tài)（包括Therebe+n.）練習(xí)：1.I______(be)astudent.Myname_____(be)Tom.2.Where_____(be)myshoes?They___(be)here.3.Who____(be)thegirlwithlongstraighthair?Ithinkshe___(be)Kate.4.YouandI___(notbe)inClassSix.5.___(be)thereasupermarketontheFifthAvenue?Yes,there_____(be).6.____herparenttall?No,he____.（2）主語(yǔ)（非第三人稱單數(shù)）+行為動(dòng)詞原形+其他（用助動(dòng)詞do幫助構(gòu)成否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)）（3）主語(yǔ)（第三人稱單數(shù)）+行為動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù)+其他（用助動(dòng)詞does幫助構(gòu)成否定句、一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句）行為動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)加-s的.形式1.-s2.輔音+y:study-studies3.以s,x,ch,sh結(jié)尾watch-watchesteach-teaches4特殊have-hasdo-doesgo-goes.1)Hisparents_______(watch)TVeverynight.肯定句1)Mybrother_________(do)homeworkeveryday.2)Hisparents_________(notwatch)everynight.否定句2)Mybrother________(notdo)homeworkeveryday.3)_____hisparents_____(watch)TVeverynight?一般疑3)______yourbrother_____homeworkeveryday?Yes,they_______.No,they_______.Yes,he______.No,he_________.4)When___hisparents_____(watch)TV?特疑4)When_____yourbrother____(do)homework?TheywatchTVeverynight.Hedoeshomeworkeveryday.
二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：表示說(shuō)話瞬間或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
1、標(biāo)志:now（現(xiàn)在）listen（看）look（聽(tīng)）2、結(jié)構(gòu):主語(yǔ)+助動(dòng)詞be(am/is/are)+行為動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞(doing)現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成：1.-ing:eat-eating2.輔音字母+e:take-taking3.sit,put,begin,run,swim,stop,get,shop,（雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母，再加ing.）練習(xí)：1.Jim__________________(take)photosintheparknow.2.Jim_________(nottake)intheparknow.3._______________Jim____________(take)photosintheparknow?Yes,he_____.No,he_______.4.Where_________Jim____________photosnow?Inthepark.
三、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：
1、任何主語(yǔ)+can/may/must+動(dòng)詞原形2、主語(yǔ)+can’t/maynot/mustn’t+動(dòng)詞原形3、Can/May/Must+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？4、疑問(wèn)詞+can/may/must+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？
四、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（是固定搭配）
like+todo不定式/doing動(dòng)名詞2.wanttodosth.3.lovetodo4.wouldliketodosth.5.enjoydoingsth.6.thanksfordoing7.stopdoingsth8.letsb.dosth.Shewants_____(have)aparty.Doeshelike_______(swim)?Thanksfor_______(enjoy)CCTVshow.Sheneverstops____(talk).
五．祈使句：
Gostraightandturnleft/right.GothroughFifthAvenue.Takeataxi（Takeabus，Takeawalk……）
六．綜合練習(xí)：
1.MrGreen_____(be)aworker.Nowhe____(work)inthefield.2.Listen!Who_______(sing)?
3.Whattime____yourbrotherusually_____(do)hishomework?4.Youcan_______(come)herebybus.5.Who____(have)aruler?6.Arethey_____(clean)theroom?7.-____you____(eat)dinner?–Yes,weare.8.Jack____(have)asoccerball,buthe____(nothave)abasketball.9._______Jim_______(like)______(run)?10.They_____(be)fromCanada.They______(notspeak)Chinese.11.Hewants_________________(be)tall.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)6
知識(shí)要點(diǎn)
表示“多少”和“第幾”的詞，叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩種。
1)基數(shù)詞：在十位數(shù)詞和個(gè)位數(shù)詞中間加上連字符 “ - “ 。如： 21 twenty -one‘基數(shù)詞三位以上的數(shù)詞， 在百位和十位之間，一般要用連詞"and “。 如： 132 one hundred and thirty-two.
表示”萬(wàn)“的詞英語(yǔ)中沒(méi)有。如1萬(wàn)可用10千來(lái)表示。 ten thousand. 30萬(wàn)可用 three hundred thousand 來(lái)表示。
基數(shù)詞的用法：
1.編號(hào)的事物用基數(shù)詞： 如：Lesson Five， Room 101
2.表示”年，月，日“ 時(shí)用基數(shù)詞。
3.表示 “幾點(diǎn)鐘， 幾點(diǎn)過(guò)幾分” 用基數(shù)詞。 It is two to two. 現(xiàn)在是兩點(diǎn)差兩分。
4.加減乘除用基數(shù)詞。 One plus two is three.一加二等于三。Eight minus four is four. 八減四等于四。
Two times two is four.二乘二等于四.Ten divided by two is five.十除二等于五。
5表示百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)詞.
Thirty percent of them is water. 它們當(dāng)中有30%的水。
6.表示分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子數(shù)字用基數(shù)詞， 但分母要用序數(shù)詞， 如分子不是1，序數(shù)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
One-fifth of the books are mine. 三分之一的書(shū)是我的。
Three-tenths of water is disappeared. 十分之三的水不見(jiàn)了。
2)序數(shù)詞：表示數(shù)目順序的詞用序數(shù)詞。
1.序數(shù)詞1━19 除第一，第二，第三，第五，第八，第九， 第十二變化不規(guī)則外， 其余均由在基數(shù)詞后加上 -th。
2.十位整數(shù)的序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成方法是， 是將十位整數(shù)基數(shù)詞的詞尾 -y 變成 i 再加 -eth。
3.幾十幾的序數(shù)詞，只是把個(gè)位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞， 十位數(shù)不變。
4.第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞 由基數(shù)詞的.形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來(lái)表示。
one hundred and twenty-first ，one thousand，three hundred and twentieth
5.序數(shù)詞的縮寫(xiě)形式 有時(shí)，序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫(xiě)形式來(lái)表示。主要縮寫(xiě)形式有。
first--lst second--2nd third--3rd fourth--4th sixth--6th twentieth--20th twenty-third--23rd 其中l(wèi)st，2nd，3rd為特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。
6.通常前面要加定冠詞 the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時(shí)，則表示“再”，“又”.
We’ve tried it three times.Must we try it a fourth time?
7.基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。只需將基數(shù)詞放在它所修飾的名詞之后(名詞需大寫(xiě)) 即可，不需要添加定冠詞。
the first lesson-Lesson One ，the fifth page-Page 5， the twenty-first room-Room 21
練習(xí)請(qǐng)看第二頁(yè)
1. I‘ve read ______ sports news about the F1 race today.
A. two B. pieces C. two pieces D. two pieces of
2. During World War II， a Jewish(猶太)lady was protected by a local family in Shanghai in her ______.
A. fifties B. fifty C. fiftieth D. the fiftieth
3. The river through our city， which is about _________， is clean again.
A. 6000 meters long B. 6000-metres-long
C. 6000-metre-long D. 6000 meter long
4. I study in Yu Cai Middle School. There are two ____students in our school.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of
5. They said they would have holiday.
A. a two-month B. two months C. two-months D. two-month’s
6.-When was the PLA founded?
-It was founded on ____.
A. July 1. 1921 B. October 1.1949
C. May 1.1922 D. August 1.1927
7. In the past two years， many tall buildings have been built in our city. The tallest is an that stands in the centre.
A. 80-floor building B. 60-floor building
C. 80-floor buildings D. 70 floors building
8.The number of people invited ____ fifty， but a number of them _____absent for different reasons.
A. were ; was B. was ; was C. was ; were D. were ; were
9.- How soon will you finish your work? -In about _______.
A. one and a half month B. one month and a half
C. one and half a month D. a month and half
10.-Would you like some fruit， madam? -Oh， yes. _______， please.
A. 5 kilo bananas B. 5 kilos of bananas
C. 5 kilo of bananas D. 5 kilos of banana
小升初英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 完形填空及答案1
John sent for a doctor because his wife was ill. He called the doctor and made sure they ___1___ meet at five. He arrived at the doctor’s at twenty ___2___ five. He thought, “ It’s a little bit earlier. I’ll wait for a moment. It’s good ___3___ there on time.”
___4___ he stopped his car in front of the doctor’s. He ___5___ and saw a noisy square not far from here. He went there and sat down on a chair to enjoy the last light of afternoon sun and ___6___ himself quiet. He saw some children playing and some women talking to each other happily.
Suddenly he ___7___ a girl crying. He came up to her and asked some questions. Then he knew she got lost. John tried to find out her ___8___ and took her home. The girl’s parents were very thankful.
Then John hurried to the doctor’s. When the doctor saw him, he was very ___9___ and said, “You’re late. Why did you keep me waiting for twenty minutes?” John said ___10___ except one word—sorry.
1. A. should B. shall C. would D. will
2. A. past B. to C. of D. after
3. A. to arrived at B. to get C. to leave D. to ride
4. A. Every time B. From now on C. Before D. Then
5. A. looked for B. looked after C. looked at D. looked around
6. A. made B. let C. had D. felt
7. A. hears B. was hearing C. heard D. would hear
8. A. name B. school C. age D. address
9. A. polite B. angry C. happy D. kind
10 A. something B. everything C. anything D. nothing
【答案】CBBDDACDBD
小升初英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 完形填空及答案2
When you are in England, you must be very careful in the streets ___1___ the traffic drives___2___ the left. ___3___ you cross a street, you must look to the ___4___ first and then left.
In the morning and in the evening when people go to or come from work, the streets are very___5___. Traffic is most dangerous then.
When you go by bus in England, you have to be ___6___, too. Always remember the traffic moves on the left. So you must be careful. Have a look first, ___7___ you will go the wrong way.
In many English cities, there are big buses ___8___ two floors. You can sit on the second floor.___9___ there you can see the city very ___10___. It’s very interesting.
1. A. so B. but C. however D. because
2. A. in B. on C. to D. by
3. A. After B. While C. Before D. But
4. A. left B. right C. buses D. front
5. A. busy B. long C. many D. dirty
6. A. safe B. busy C. dangerous D. careful
7. A. and B. or C. because D. when
8. A. with B. in C. on D. for
9. A. On B. From C. Off D. To
10. A. well B. good C. fine D. nice
【答案】DBCBADBABA
小升初英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 完形填空及答案3
Once there was a boy in Toronto. His name was Jimmy. He started drawing when he was three years old, and when he was five he was already very ___1___ at it. He drew many beautiful interesting pictures, and many people ___2___ his pictures. They thought this boy was going to be ___3___ when he was a little older, and then they were going to ___4___ these pictures for a lot of money.
Jimmy’s pictures were quite different from other ___5___ because he never drew on all of the paper. He drew on ___6___ of it, and the other half was always ___7___.
“That’s very clever,” everybody said. “___8___ other people have ever done that before.”
One day somebody asked him, “Please tell me, Jimmy. Why do you draw on the bottom (底部) half of your pictures, ___9___ not on the top half?”
“Because I’m small,” Jimmy said, “and my brushes (毛筆) can’t ___10___ very high.”
1. A. poor B. sad C. glad D. good
2. A. bought B. brought C. sold D. took
3. A. different B. clever C. famous D. rich
4. A. buy B. show C. leave D. sell
5. A. men’s B. people’s C. boy’s D. child’s
6. A. half B. part C. side D. end
7. A. full B. empty C. wrong D. ready
8. A. No B. Some C. Any D. Many
9. A. then B. and C. but D. or
10. A. change B. turn C. pull D. reach
【答案】DACDBABACD
小升初英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 完形填空及答案4
Mr Smith lives in the small village, but he works in an office in a big city. He goes to work by train every morning and comes ___1___ the same way.
One morning while he was ___2___ his newspaper on the train, a man ___3___ him came up to him. Mr Smith had not met him before. The man said, “___4___ ” to him and then ___5___ to talk to him. The man said, “Your ___6___ isn’t interesting, is it? You got on the same train at the same station at the same time ___7___ morning and you always sit in the same seat and read the same newspaper.”
When Mr Smith ___8___ this, he put his newspaper down, turned around and ___9___ to the man angrily, “How do you know all that about me?”
“Because I’m ___10___ sitting in the same seat behind you,” the man answered.
1. A. family B. house C. village D. home
2. A. seeing B. look C. reading D. finding
3. A. before B. behind C. beside D. next to
4. A. Sorry B. Thanks C. Hello D. Goodbye
5. A. refused B. stopped C. ordered D. began
6. A. life B. work C. office D. child
7. A. one B. every C. this D. yesterday
8. A. heard B. listened C. found D. felt
9. A. asked B. said C. told D. talked
10. A. never B. hardly C. always D. sometimes
【答案】DCBCDABABC
小升初英語(yǔ)專項(xiàng)練習(xí) 完形填空及答案5
On Christmas Eve a few days ago, an English couple, the Hardens, got a very special call. It was only a 20-second call but it was very ___1___. The Hardens’ 15-year-old daughter has gone ___2___ six months before. On Christmas Eve she rang them. “I’m phoning to wish you a happy Christmas, ” she said, “I love you.”
Ronals and Edwine Harden were so ___3___ that they started a special telephone service(服務(wù))called “Alive and Well”. The service helps ___4___ to get in touch with children who have run away from home.
Young people can phone “Alive and Well” and leave a message for their parents. The telephone are answered by answering machines. So ___5___ can speak to the child or make him return home. Parents of runaway children who are ___6___ eighteen can ask the police to bring their children home. So children do not want to tell their parents where they are. Through “Alive and Well” they can telephone their parents and they do not ___7___ about this or giving out their addresses.
The Hardens and their helpers ___8___ the telephone messages and connect(聯(lián)系)the addresses given. About 30,000 British teenagers have left home and many of them are probably in ___9___. For only two pence(便士)they can go into a telephone coin box and call their parents. They can dial 5675339 and ___10___ a parent's worry: Is he dead or alive?
1. A. interesting B. important C. difficult D. exciting
2. A. away B. out C. back D. along
3. A. angry B. happy C. sad D. kind
4. A. teachers B. people C. parents D. friends
5. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one
6. A. at B. above C. over D. under
7. A. think B. worry C. talk D. hear
8. A. ask for B. listen to C. look up D. write down
9. A. Paris B. Tokyo C. London D. New York
10. A. stop B. make C. feel D. leave
【答案】BABCDDBDCA
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)7
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)：It be time +（that）從句
在英語(yǔ)里，“It be time +（that）從句”是一個(gè)較為常用的句型，它表示“該做……的時(shí)候了”的意思。該句型屬于主從復(fù)合句的一種；其主句部分為"It be time"，從句部分的連詞that可以省略。以下從三個(gè)方面簡(jiǎn)要談?wù)勥@一句型。
一、time前面的修飾語(yǔ)
句型“It be time +（that）從句”通常暗示“有點(diǎn)遲了”，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)這一含義，可以在time的前面加形容詞high.例如：
It's high time we started.
It is high time that more women ran the arts.
為了使語(yǔ)氣得到進(jìn)一步的加強(qiáng)，還可以在high的前面加certainly, more than等副詞或詞組：
It is certainly high time that we ordered dinner.
形容詞full也可以加在time的前面，用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣。例如：
It's full time you had a nice day.
It is full time that boy went to herding.
time前面還可以加about,這時(shí)句型所表達(dá)的意思是“早該……”。例如：
It's about time we started.
It's about time I settled down.
上面兩例中的about可以用getting來(lái)代替，句意不變；這可以視為句型“It be time +（that）從句”的一種變體。
二、從句中的動(dòng)詞形式
在“(that)從句”中，動(dòng)詞形式通常是一般過(guò)去時(shí)。這是一種奇特而有趣的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，即用假設(shè)的過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)代替實(shí)際的將來(lái)時(shí)。從英語(yǔ)史的角度來(lái)看，從句中的動(dòng)詞形式用過(guò)去時(shí)原是屬虛擬語(yǔ)氣；但從語(yǔ)言發(fā)展的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)看，目前這種動(dòng)詞形式視為陳述語(yǔ)氣比較合適。
著名語(yǔ)言學(xué)家夸克（R. Quirk）教授等人在1985年出版的《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法大全》一書(shū)中認(rèn)為，“(that)從句”的動(dòng)詞形式一定要用“假設(shè)的過(guò)去時(shí)”。他們舉了一例：It's time I was in bed.其實(shí)，動(dòng)詞形式除常用過(guò)去時(shí)外，也可以用其他時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)（用何種形式應(yīng)視情況而定）。正如著名語(yǔ)言學(xué)家周海中教授在1988年發(fā)表的《探討“It be time （that）…”句型》一文中所言：在現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)里，“(that)從句”中的動(dòng)詞形式一般用過(guò)去時(shí)，這是基本規(guī)則；有時(shí)也可以用其他的動(dòng)詞形式，但應(yīng)視為特殊用法。他在其文中列舉了大量實(shí)例，用于論證和說(shuō)明。
1．用were型虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：
It's high time I were hence. (W. Shakespeare)
It's time I were gone. (A. Tennyson)
由于英語(yǔ)的發(fā)展，虛擬語(yǔ)氣與陳述語(yǔ)氣之間的區(qū)別正在逐漸消失。基于這種情況，虛擬語(yǔ)氣的were也正在逐漸地代替陳述語(yǔ)氣的was.
2．用be型虛擬語(yǔ)氣。例如：
You reckon I be found anywhere with him, time he start belle ring. (W. Faulkner)
It is time that more of the research dollars now devoted to cure be diverted to finding new and more humane ways of curing that will make a cancer patient's remaining years happier, more comfortable, and more productive. (Science, 1984, Vol. 5, No.7)
動(dòng)詞形式用be型虛擬語(yǔ)氣是古英語(yǔ)的用法。目前，這一用法在英國(guó)英語(yǔ)中已“日薄西山”，而在美國(guó)英語(yǔ)中卻有“東山再起”之勢(shì)，但主要見(jiàn)于正式文體。
3．借助情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should
It's time this heart should be unmoved. (G. Byron)
It may be time that I should meet with some misfortune; but I hope it is not this. (C. Dickens)
上面用法主要見(jiàn)于文學(xué)作品，尤其是英國(guó)人寫(xiě)的。
4．用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：
It's time we were leaving. (H. Maclnnes)
It's time we were getting home. (E. O'Neil)
上面用法通常是一些表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞。
5．用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。例如：
It is high time that the U. S. realizes it cannot continue to hide its head in the sand, for the sand has started to blow. (Newsweek, Oct. 15, 1979)
“It is time that the burden of Reaganomics is shared by those in the upper-income groups,” 0'Neill declared. (Time, Jun. 20, 1983)
上面用法主要見(jiàn)于美國(guó)英語(yǔ)，尤其在新聞文體里。這是一種值得關(guān)注的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。
6．用完成時(shí)。例如：
It's time that reduction in force has finally hit the federal government also. (U. S. News and World Report, Mar. 15, 1982)
Fooleries! Pshaw! It's time you'd done with fooleries. (G. Eliot)
上面用法也是一種值得關(guān)注的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象。
三、句型中的省略現(xiàn)象
在口語(yǔ)中，可以把句型“It be time +（that）從句”中的'"It be"省略。例如：
High time we left. （J. Linsay)
Time we were going. (M. Hammonds)
在一定的上下語(yǔ)境中，也可以把句型中的“(that)從句”省略。例如：
This program goes in that direction, and I believe it's time. （T. Wicker)
在特定的語(yǔ)境里，甚至還可以把句型中的"It be"和“(that)從句”都省掉，意義仍然是顯豁的；不過(guò)，這時(shí)time前面要用high來(lái)修飾，其后面常跟副詞too,該詞只是用來(lái)加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，并無(wú)具體意義。例如：
He's gone back to work.—— High time, too! (Longman Dictionary of English Idioms)
順帶一提，句型“It be the +序數(shù)詞+ time +（that）從句”與句型“It be time +（that）從句”在結(jié)構(gòu)上有點(diǎn)相似，但它們?cè)诰湟馍鲜峭耆煌�。前者也是主從�?fù)合句，當(dāng)其主句的be用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)詞形式通常為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，it可以用this來(lái)代替；當(dāng)其主句的be用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的動(dòng)詞形式通常為過(guò)去完成時(shí)，it可以用that 來(lái)代替。例如：
It/This is the first time (that) I have seen him.
It/That was the third time (that) I had been there.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)8
關(guān)系代詞
<例句>
I met someone who said he knew you.
我遇到一個(gè)人，他說(shuō)他認(rèn)識(shí)你。
<語(yǔ)法分析>
關(guān)系代詞who代表someone，又引導(dǎo)從句修飾它，同時(shí)又在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)。關(guān)系代詞who, whom, whose, that和which可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，這類代詞都起著三重作用，一是代表前面的名詞，二是把從句和它所修飾的詞連接起來(lái)，三是在從句里也擔(dān)任一個(gè)成分。who和whom都代表人，who在從句中作主語(yǔ)，whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。whose在從句中可以作定語(yǔ)。that可以代表人或物，which只能代表物在從句中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)等。
<觸類旁通>
(1) The noise that she made woke everybody up.
她弄出的聲音把大家都吵醒了。
語(yǔ)法分析：that代表noise，又引導(dǎo)從句修飾它，在從句中擔(dān)任made的`賓語(yǔ)。
(2) She saw something in the paper which might interest you.
她在報(bào)紙上看到的一些消息，或許會(huì)使你感興趣。
語(yǔ)法分析：which代表something,又引導(dǎo)從句修飾它，在從句中擔(dān)任主語(yǔ)。
(3) The girl with whom I was travlling didn't speak English.
和我一起旅行的那個(gè)女孩不會(huì)講英語(yǔ)。
語(yǔ)法分析：whom代表人，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。
(4) I saw a film whose name I have forgotten.
我看了一部電影，名字卻忘了。
語(yǔ)法分析：whose有時(shí)指無(wú)生命的東西。
(5) Who's the man (that) you were talking to?
剛才和你講話的人是誰(shuí)?
語(yǔ)法分析：在從句作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，that�？梢允÷浴�
(6) The situation in which she found herself was very difficult.
她的處境非常困難。
語(yǔ)法分析：在緊跟介詞時(shí)，只能用which，不能用that，而且不能省略。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)9
一、七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--詞法
(一)名詞
1.名詞的數(shù)
我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：
(1)在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas
(2)x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes
(3)①以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories
�、谝栽糇帜讣觵結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways
(4)以o結(jié)尾加s(外來(lái)詞)。如：radios, photos, 但如是輔音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西紅柿, potatoes馬鈴薯
(5)以f或fe結(jié)尾的變f為v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves
(6)單復(fù)數(shù)相同(不變的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese
(7)一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒(méi)有單數(shù)的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks
(8)單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同學(xué), family家，家庭成員
(9)合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個(gè)單詞。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers
(10)有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不同。如：fish魚(yú) fishes魚(yú)的種類, paper紙 papers報(bào)紙，卷子，論文, work工作 works作品，工廠, glass玻璃 glasses玻璃杯，眼鏡, orange桔子水 oranges橙子, light光線 lights燈, people人 peoples民族, time時(shí)間 times時(shí)代, 次數(shù), chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞
(11) 單個(gè)字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或’s。如：Is (I’s), Ks (K’s)。但如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs
(12) 特殊形式的有：child-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-Englishmen
2.名詞的格
當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時(shí)，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：
(1)單數(shù)在后面加’s。如：brother’s, Mike’s, teacher’s
(2)復(fù)數(shù)以s結(jié)尾的直接在s后加’，如果不是以s結(jié)尾的`與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers’ Day教師節(jié), classmates’ Children’s Day六一節(jié), Women’s Day婦女節(jié)
(3)由and并列的名詞所有時(shí)，如果是共同所有同一人或物時(shí)，只加最后一個(gè)’s，但分別擁有時(shí)卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben’s room邁克和本的房間(共住一間)，Mike’s and Ben’s rooms邁克和本的房間(各自的房間)
(二)代詞
項(xiàng)目 人稱代詞 物主代詞 指示代詞 反身代詞
人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性
第一人稱 單數(shù) I me my mine myself
復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves
第二人稱 單數(shù) you you your yours yourself
復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves
第三人稱 單數(shù) she her her hers herself
he him his his himself
it it its its this that itself
復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves
(三)動(dòng)詞
1.第三人稱單數(shù)
當(dāng)動(dòng)詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)那樣加s，如下：
(1)一般在詞后加s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains
(2)在x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：watches, washes, wishes, finishes
(3)①以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的變y為i再加es。如：study-studies, hurry-hurries, try-tries
�、谝栽糇帜讣觵結(jié)尾的直接加s。如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys
(4)以o結(jié)尾加es。如：does, goes
(5)特殊的有：are-is, have-has
2.現(xiàn)在分詞
當(dāng)我們說(shuō)某人正在做什么事時(shí)，動(dòng)詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：
(1)一般在后加ing。如：spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training, play-playing, hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing
(2)以不發(fā)音e的結(jié)尾的去掉e再加ing。如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having
(3)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個(gè)元音字母+一個(gè)輔音字母(注意除開(kāi)字母組合如show –showing, draw-drawing)要雙寫(xiě)最后的輔音字母再加ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting, begin-beginning
(4)以ie結(jié)尾的變ie為y再加ing。如：tie-tying系 die-dying死 lie-lying 位于
(四)形容詞的級(jí)
我們?cè)趯?duì)兩個(gè)或以上的人或物進(jìn)行對(duì)比時(shí)，則要使用比較或最高級(jí)形式。構(gòu)成如下：
(1) 一般在詞后加er或est(如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st)。如：greater-greatest, shorter –shortest, taller –tallest, longer –longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest
(2)以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1個(gè)元音字母+1個(gè)輔音字母(字母組合除外，如few-fewer fewest)結(jié)尾的雙寫(xiě)結(jié)尾的輔音再加er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest
(3) 以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的變y為i加er/est。如：happy-happier happiest, sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest(more friendly most friendly), busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest
(4)特殊情況：(兩好多壞，一少老遠(yuǎn))
good/well - better best many/much - more most bad/ill – worse worst
little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest
(五)數(shù)詞 (基變序，有規(guī)則;一、二、三，自己背;五、八、九、十二;其它后接th;y結(jié)尾，變?yōu)閕, eth跟上去。) first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundredth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth, ninety-ninetieth
二、七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--句式
(一)陳述句
肯定陳述句
1. This is a book. (be動(dòng)詞)
2. He looks very young. (連系動(dòng)詞)
3. I want a sweat like this. (實(shí)義動(dòng)詞)
4. I can bring some things to school. (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞)
5. There’s a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))
否定陳述句
1. These aren’t their books.
2.They don’t look nice.
3. Kate doesn’t go to No. 4 Middle School.
4. Kate can’t find her doll.
5. There isn’t a cat here. (=There’s no cat here.)
(二)祈使句
肯定祈使句
1. Please go and ask the man.
2. Let’s learn English!
3. Come in, please.
否定祈使句
1. Don’t be late.
2. Don’t hurry.
(三)疑問(wèn)句
1. 一般疑問(wèn)句
(1)Is Jim a student?
(2) Can I help you?
(3) Does she like salad?
(4) Do they watch TV?
(5) Is she reading?
肯定回答:
(1) Yes, he is.
(2) Yes, you can.
(3) Yes, she does.
(4) Yes, they do.
(5) Yes, she is.
否定回答:
(1) No, he isn’t.
(2) No, you can’t.
(3) No, she doesn’t.
(4) No, they don’t.
(5) No, she isn’t.
2. 選擇疑問(wèn)句
Is the table big or small?
回答 It’s big./ It’s small.
3.特殊疑問(wèn)句
(1) 問(wèn)年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve.
(2) 問(wèn)種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies.
(3) 問(wèn)身體狀況 How is your uncle? He is well/fine.
(4) 問(wèn)方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.
How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones@163.com.
(5) 問(wèn)原因 Why do you want to join the club?
(6) 問(wèn)時(shí)間 What’s the time? (=What time is it?) It’s a quarter to ten a.m..
What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o’clock.
When do you want to go? Let’s go at 7:00.
(7) 問(wèn)地方 Where’s my backpack? It’s under the table.
(8) 問(wèn)顏色 What color are they? They are light blue.
What’s your favourite color? It’s black.
(9) 問(wèn)人物 Who’s that? It’s my sister.
Who is the boy in blue? My brother.
Who isn’t at school? Peter and Emma.
Who are Lisa and Tim talking to?
(10) 問(wèn)東西 What’s this/that (in English)? It’s a pencil case.
What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.
(11) 問(wèn)姓名 What’s your aunt’s name? Her name is Helen./She’s Helen.
What’s your first name? My first name’s Ben.
What’s your family name? My family name’s Smith.
(12) 問(wèn)哪一個(gè) Which do you like? I like one in the box.
(13) 問(wèn)字母 What letter is it? It’s big D/small f.
(14) 問(wèn)價(jià)格 How much are these pants? They’re 15 dollars.
(15) 問(wèn)電話號(hào)碼 What’s your phone number? It’s 576-8349.
(16) 問(wèn)謂語(yǔ)(動(dòng)作) What’s he doing? He’s watching TV.
(17) 問(wèn)職業(yè)(身份) What do you do? I’m a teacher.
What’s your father? He’s a doctor.
三、七年級(jí)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法--時(shí)態(tài)
(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
表示普遍、經(jīng)常性的或長(zhǎng)期性的動(dòng)作時(shí)使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，它有：
Be 動(dòng)詞：She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker.
情態(tài)動(dòng)詞：I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano.
行為動(dòng)詞：They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes.
Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch.
(二)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
表示動(dòng)詞在此時(shí)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行就使用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，結(jié)構(gòu)為sb be v-ing sth + 其它.
I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball.
Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter.
They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)10
高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法
1)動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
很多動(dòng)詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞，大多意思沒(méi)有多大的變化(如下①);有時(shí)意思有一定變化(如下②);有的與一個(gè)動(dòng)詞和不定冠詞構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)，表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作(如下③)。例如：
�、貺et's go out for a walk.我們到外面去散散步吧。
�、贖e is a man of strong build.他是一個(gè)體格健壯的漢子。
�、跮et's have a swim.咱們游泳吧。
2)名詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
很多表示物件(如下①)、身體部位(如下②)、某類人(如下③)的名詞可以用作動(dòng)詞來(lái)表示動(dòng)作，某些抽象名詞(如下④)也可作動(dòng)詞。例如：
�、貲id you book a seat on the plane?你訂好飛機(jī)座位了嗎?
②Please hand me the book.請(qǐng)把那本書(shū)遞給我。
③She nursed her husband back to health.她看護(hù)丈夫，使他恢復(fù)了健康。
�、躓e lunched together.我們?cè)谝黄鸪粤宋绮汀?/p>
3)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
有少數(shù)形容詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。例如：
We will try our best to better our living conditions.我們要盡力改善我們的生活狀況。
4)副詞轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞
有少數(shù)副詞可以轉(zhuǎn)化為動(dòng)詞。例如：
Murder will out.(諺語(yǔ))惡事終必將敗露。
5)形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞
表示顏色的形容詞�？赊D(zhuǎn)化為名詞(如下①);某些形容詞如old, young, poor, rich, wounded,injured等與the連用，表示一類人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)(如下②)。例如：
You should be dressed in black at the funeral.你在葬禮中該穿黑色衣服。
The old in our village are living a happy life.我們村的`老年人過(guò)著幸福的生活。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)11
一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
1.表示現(xiàn)在習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài),常與usually, always, sometimes, often, every day / week / month / year等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。
[例句] He often does his homework in his study.
2.表示主語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在的'特征、性格和狀態(tài)。
[例句] The dictionary belongs to me.
3.表示客觀規(guī)律或科學(xué)真理、格言,以及其他不受時(shí)間限制的客觀存在。
[例句] The moon goes around the sun.
4.在有連詞if, unless, before, as soon as, when, once, however等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)。
[例句] If you work hard, you won’t fail in the exam.
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)12
用一個(gè)句子作狀語(yǔ)，這個(gè)句子就是狀語(yǔ)從句。狀語(yǔ)從句通常用來(lái)修飾句子、動(dòng)詞或形容詞，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、目的、結(jié)果、方式、比較等。引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句的連詞叫從屬連詞。
16-1 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句
在句中相當(dāng)于時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)的從句叫時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句常由從屬連詞when，while，as，before，after，as soon as，since，till，until等引導(dǎo)。如：
What are you going to be when you grow up ?你長(zhǎng)大以后打算干什么?
I will phone you as soon as I get there .我一到那兒就給你打電話。
1.引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的從屬連詞及用法
(1)when，while，as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“當(dāng)……時(shí)”。如：
When the clock struck twelve ，all the lights went out.當(dāng)時(shí)鐘敲了十二下，燈全部都熄了。
While Peter was reading ，his wife was cooking.彼得看書(shū)的時(shí)候，他妻子在做飯。
He dropped the glass as he stood up .他站起來(lái)時(shí)，把杯子摔碎了。
注意：
①when表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，多用來(lái)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可表示時(shí)間段;從句中既可以用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，也可用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;when 從句多用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句時(shí)態(tài)沒(méi)有限制，根據(jù)具體情況而定;在將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)中，常用when引導(dǎo)從句，且從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí);when表示時(shí)間段時(shí)可與while通用，但從句中必須用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。如：
I was just reading a book when she came into my room.她走進(jìn)我房間時(shí)，我正在看書(shū)。
When I got to the airport，the guests had left.當(dāng)我趕到飛機(jī)場(chǎng)時(shí)，客人們已經(jīng)離開(kāi)了。
When the manager comes here for a visit next week，I'll talk with him about this.下周經(jīng)理來(lái)這參觀時(shí)，我會(huì)和他談?wù)劥耸隆?/p>
�、趙hile表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候;在……之時(shí);在……期間”，所引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，且通常用進(jìn)行時(shí)。如：
While my wife was reading the newspaper，I was watching TV.當(dāng)妻子在看報(bào)紙的時(shí)候，我在看電視。
You can't do your homework while you're watching TV.你不能一邊看電視一邊做家庭作業(yè)。
③as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是非延續(xù)性的。當(dāng)從句中的.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，表示“當(dāng)……的時(shí)候”時(shí)，往往可以與when或while通用，但as更側(cè)重主句與從句的行為同時(shí)發(fā)生，常譯作“隨著……;一邊……，一邊……”。如：
Kate read the book as she went along.凱特邊走邊讀書(shū)。
We took notes as we listened to the lecture.我們邊聽(tīng)課邊記筆記。
(2)before引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“在……之前”。如：
Don't jump off the train before it stops.火車停之前不要往下跳。
Look at both ways before you cross the road.過(guò)馬路之前左右兩邊都要看。
I didn't know any English before I came here。我來(lái)這兒之前，一點(diǎn)英語(yǔ)都不懂。
(3)after引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“在……之后”。如：
I'll have a walk after I finish my work.我做完事后要去散步。
After he locked the door，he left.他鎖上門之后就走了。
注意：
為了表明動(dòng)作的先后，從句中動(dòng)詞可用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，主句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
After he had finished his work，he played a game of chess with his friends.他做完工作后，和朋友下了一會(huì)兒棋。
(4)until，till引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“直到……為止”。如：
They waited till/until I returned.他們一直等到我回來(lái)。
Mr.Wang kept on explaining until the student understood.王先生反復(fù)地解釋直到學(xué)生聽(tīng)懂了為止。
注意：
①until在肯定句中只與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，在否定句中通常與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用，表示相應(yīng)動(dòng)作開(kāi)始的時(shí)間，意為“直到……才”。如：
He didn't leave until I came back.直到我回來(lái)他才離開(kāi)。
�、趖ill用作連詞，與until同義，兩者經(jīng)�？蓳Q用，只是 until 比 till 稍正式。在正式文體中，一般用 until，而在口語(yǔ)或非正式文體中則兩者都可。till多與名詞或較短的從句連用，而較長(zhǎng)較復(fù)雜的成分多用 until;在句子開(kāi)頭時(shí)，用 until而不用till。如：
She lived in Tokyo till (until)she died.她一直住在東京直到去世。
(√)Until he comes back，nothing can be done.在他回來(lái)之前，什么也不能做。
(×)Till he comes back，nothing can be done.在他回來(lái)之前，什么也不能做。
(5)since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“自……以來(lái)”
Since I left school，I have written to him twice.自從我離開(kāi)學(xué)校以來(lái)，我已經(jīng)給他寫(xiě)過(guò)兩封信。
I have not heard from him since he left Shanghai.自從他離開(kāi)上海以來(lái)，我就沒(méi)有收到過(guò)他的來(lái)信。
注意：
since引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。如：
I've worked here since I left school.自我離開(kāi)學(xué)校以來(lái)我一直在這里工作。
(6)as soon as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句意為“一……就……”
I'll tell you as soon as I get here.我一到這里就告訴你。
I want to see him as soon as he arrives.他一到我就想見(jiàn)他。
2.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)
(1)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，由when，before，after，as soon as，until 等連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
I 'll tell him the good news as soon as I see him.我一見(jiàn)到他，就告訴他這個(gè)好消息。
The boy will be a writer when he grows up.這個(gè)男孩長(zhǎng)大后將成為一名作家。
(2)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)含有can，may，must等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，由when，before，after，until，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
You can go home after you finish your homework.你做完作業(yè)后就可以回家。
When the lights are red，the traffic must stop .紅燈亮?xí)r，車輛必須停下。
You may wait here before your father comes .在你父親到來(lái)之前你可以在這兒等著。
(3)當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)是want，hope，wish等動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式時(shí)，由when，before，after，until，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
He wants to be a doctor when he grows up.他長(zhǎng)大后想當(dāng)一名醫(yī)生。
She wants to work in America when she finishes college.她大學(xué)畢業(yè)后想在美國(guó)工作。
(4)當(dāng)主句是祈使句時(shí)，由when，before，after，until等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如：
Don't get off the bus until it stops .公共汽車停下來(lái)再下車。
Please don't go to bed before you finish your homework.在完成作業(yè)之前，請(qǐng)不要睡覺(jué)。
(5)當(dāng)主句謂語(yǔ)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，由when，before，after，until，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
They talked about the party after people left .人們離開(kāi)后，他們談?wù)撨@次晚會(huì)情況。
(6)當(dāng)before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，主句一般用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，有時(shí)也用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
She had learned Japanese for three years before she went to Japan.她去日本之前學(xué)了三年日語(yǔ)。
She didn't know me before she came here.她到這里來(lái)之前不認(rèn)識(shí)我。
(7)since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，通常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí);用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，要用否定式。如：
He has waited here since you left .自從你走之后他一直在這等著。
He hasn't gone to the school since he finished the school.他畢業(yè)后再?zèng)]去過(guò)學(xué)校。
注意：
在It is+時(shí)間+since從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。如：
It is three years since I began to study English.我開(kāi)始學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)有三年了。
3.時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的位置
(1)when，before，after，as，while，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的位置可位于句首，也可位于句末。放在句首時(shí)，從句后通常用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi)，放在句末時(shí)，從句與主句之間一般不用逗號(hào)，只在句末用句號(hào)或問(wèn)號(hào)。如：
When you came to see me，I was ready to leave.你來(lái)看我時(shí)，我正準(zhǔn)備離開(kāi)。
You called me while I was watching TV.我在看電視時(shí)，你給我打了電話。
After she cleaned the classroom，she went home.她打掃完教室后回家了。
(2)since引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句通常放在主句的后面。
I have learned English since I came to this school.我自從來(lái)到這個(gè)學(xué)校以來(lái)就一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)13
leave的用法
1.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開(kāi)某地”。例如：
When did you leave Shanghai? 你什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)上海的?
2.“l(fā)eave for+地點(diǎn)”表示“動(dòng)身去某地”。例如：
Next Friday, Alice is leaving for London. 下周五，愛(ài)麗斯要去倫敦了。
3.“l(fā)eave+地點(diǎn)+for+地點(diǎn)”表示“離開(kāi)某地去某地”。例如：
Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing? 你為什么要離開(kāi)上海去北京?
2) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞should“應(yīng)該”學(xué)會(huì)使用
should作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用，常常表示意外、驚奇、不能理解等，有“竟會(huì)”的意思，例如：
How should I know? 我怎么知道?
Why should you be so late today? 你今天為什么來(lái)得這么晚?
should有時(shí)表示應(yīng)當(dāng)做或發(fā)生的事，例如：
We should help each other.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)互相幫助。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的事情。常與now，at the moment，look，listen等詞連用。
The little boy is watching TV now.
這個(gè)小男孩現(xiàn)在正在看電視。
Listen!She is playing the guitar in the next room.
聽(tīng)!她正在隔壁房間彈吉他。
現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：
肯定式：am/is/are+doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
否定式：am/is/are not +doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)
一般疑問(wèn)式：Am/Is/Are + 主語(yǔ) +doing(現(xiàn)在分詞)+ 其他
特殊疑問(wèn)式：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)式
They’re having a meeting now.
他們現(xiàn)在正在開(kāi)會(huì)。
They aren't having a meeting now.
他們現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有在開(kāi)會(huì)。
Are they having a meeting now?
他們現(xiàn)在正在開(kāi)會(huì)嗎?
What are they doing now?
他們現(xiàn)在正在做什么?
初二英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)重點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)
1.由that引導(dǎo)，由于that沒(méi)有任何意義，也不充當(dāng)任何句子成分。因此that在非正式文體中可以省略。這類賓語(yǔ)從句通常表達(dá)一種陳述意義。
e.g.He told me (that) he would go to Wuhan.
Tom says (that) he must study hard.
She told me (that) she was a student.
(1)如果由and連接兩個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，第二個(gè)that則不能省略。
e.g.She said she liked English very much and that she didn’t like math at all.
(2)常接that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：believe, expect, explain, feel, hear, hope, imagine, prefer, promise, report, say, see, tell, think, understand, warn, wish等。
2.由連接代詞或連接副詞who, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why引導(dǎo)，含有“誰(shuí)、什么、哪個(gè)、什么時(shí)候、什么地方、怎樣、為什么”等特殊疑問(wèn)意義。
e.g.Do you know who they’re talking about?
Can you tell me what they’re looking for?
I don’t know where she has gone.
I wonder how she can find us.
She didn’t tell me where her hometown was.
3.由從屬連詞whether和if引導(dǎo)，含有“是否，能否，對(duì)否，有否”等一般疑問(wèn)意義。
e.g.She asked me if I could help her.
Jim wanted to know whether I had taken his English book.
Please tell me whether you can come or not.
在這類賓語(yǔ)從句中要注意兩點(diǎn)：
(1)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句和狀語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別
if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“是否”，從句中該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就應(yīng)用什么時(shí)態(tài)。
if引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)意為“假如”，從句中應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。
e.g.She wanted to know if you were a teacher.
I don’t know if the letter is yours.
They’ll go boating if it is fine tomorrow.
I’ll give it to her if she comes next week.
(2)if引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)多數(shù)情況下可以與whether互換，但如果要突出“究竟是……還是不……”這層意思時(shí)，通常用whether，并在后面的加上“or not”，即一般要選擇whether構(gòu)成whether…or not的結(jié)構(gòu)。
e.g.Please find out whether the money is his or not.
Let me know whether you can come or not.
I want to know whether you can help me or not.
有效提高英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力的方法
具體的方法是：把聽(tīng)力原文一句一句聽(tīng)寫(xiě)出來(lái)。
首先，泛聽(tīng)一遍原文，不用動(dòng)筆，能聽(tīng)懂多少算多少。
第二遍，播放原文，每一句暫停一下，把聽(tīng)到的句子寫(xiě)下來(lái)。如果抓不到信息，就倒回去重新聽(tīng)這句，三遍五遍還是有沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂的詞，就暫且放下，做好標(biāo)記。播放之后的聽(tīng)力文章，重復(fù)這一步驟。
第三遍，連貫地聽(tīng)一遍原文，努力補(bǔ)全之前沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂的信息。之后對(duì)照聽(tīng)力原文，看自己沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂的地方究竟是哪些單詞。
第四遍，最后再聽(tīng)一遍原文，仔細(xì)聽(tīng)自己沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂的單詞在聽(tīng)力錄音中究竟是怎么發(fā)音的。判斷自己究竟是因?yàn)闆](méi)聽(tīng)出來(lái)連讀，還是對(duì)單詞讀音記憶有誤而沒(méi)能聽(tīng)懂。
最后，把自己沒(méi)聽(tīng)出來(lái)的單詞、聽(tīng)力錄音中該單詞的讀音以及原文中出現(xiàn)的生詞記錄下來(lái)。
英語(yǔ)完形填空題怎么做?
完形填空是得分率不高的一道題，它是對(duì)考生綜合能力的一種測(cè)試。想要做完形填空，理解作者的.意圖及明白作者的意思是關(guān)鍵。只有看懂了整篇文章的內(nèi)容、每個(gè)句子的意思，才有可能做對(duì)題目。有一點(diǎn)非常重要，即會(huì)分析句子。一個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞首先要找到，然后找出賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。這時(shí)完全能分析出所缺的詞屬于句子的哪個(gè)部分，即使缺了詞，也不難看懂全句的意思。在語(yǔ)法和句子意思都明確后，就容易填出這個(gè)詞了。
第一步：重視首句，把握開(kāi)篇。
完形填空一般無(wú)標(biāo)題，首句一般不留空白，是完整的一句，全文信息從此開(kāi)始。細(xì)讀首句，可判斷文章體裁，預(yù)測(cè)全文大意和主旨。
第二步：速讀全文，掌握大意。
速讀全文要一氣呵成，盡管有空格、生詞或不明白的地方，仍要快速讀下去。讀時(shí)要注意找出關(guān)鍵詞、中心詞，劃出某些代表人物和情節(jié)的詞，以便于形成思路。
第三步：瞻前顧后，靈活答題。
“瞻前顧后”，即讀所填詞的句子時(shí)，回顧上一句，兼顧下一句。如果一句中有兩個(gè)空白待填，在初定答案時(shí)要“雙管齊下”，在兩處同時(shí)試填，然后通讀全句，確定答案。
第四步：復(fù)核全文，調(diào)整答案。
學(xué)好英語(yǔ)最有效4個(gè)方法
1、單詞是基礎(chǔ)
記單詞需要靈活，別死記，并且要多看它，把書(shū)上的單詞歸納到自己的筆記本上，并附上詞組，一舉兩得。這樣，復(fù)習(xí)的時(shí)候才有東西可看。
2、上課認(rèn)真聽(tīng)很重要
我看你也是想努力的，老師上課的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)是精華了，所以無(wú)論如何要認(rèn)真摘抄筆記，還要上課多發(fā)言，潛移默化中你會(huì)學(xué)到很多。
3、閱讀理解需要做限時(shí)練
高考英語(yǔ)中閱讀占重要分?jǐn)?shù)，可以說(shuō)真正成敗取決于閱讀，所以規(guī)定半個(gè)小時(shí)做3篇閱讀，長(zhǎng)此以往就會(huì)提高閱讀速度。多練多與老師溝通請(qǐng)教適合自己的方法。
4、英語(yǔ)作文有模板
開(kāi)頭、結(jié)尾要漂亮。積累一定好句，多用。多用倒裝句、定語(yǔ)從句等能吸引眼球，還要有真知灼見(jiàn)，改卷老師絕對(duì)會(huì)眼前一亮。
英語(yǔ)單詞記憶方法和技巧
一、注重心理，由簡(jiǎn)到繁。學(xué)生在記憶單詞之初，他們完全模仿老師依瓢畫(huà)葫蘆，沒(méi)有任何的經(jīng)驗(yàn)技巧可言，當(dāng)然也不會(huì)有太大的積極主動(dòng)，他們就是依靠單純的機(jī)械記憶，為記憶而記憶。可是這個(gè)過(guò)程也是一定要有的，在這種情況下，教師應(yīng)該注重的不是學(xué)生應(yīng)該記憶多少單詞，或者是準(zhǔn)確度怎樣，也決不能按課本的實(shí)際語(yǔ)言輸入量，不顧難易程度就把任務(wù)一股腦兒地布置下去，而是應(yīng)充分考慮到學(xué)生的心理反應(yīng)與承受能力，從最簡(jiǎn)短的實(shí)詞開(kāi)始，數(shù)量適中，這樣學(xué)生就不會(huì)有畏難情緒了。教師要為學(xué)生營(yíng)造一種輕松地心理氛圍，在這個(gè)長(zhǎng)期、循序漸進(jìn)的記憶單詞的過(guò)程中，開(kāi)發(fā)他們的記憶潛能，尋找記背單詞的方法與技巧。
二、利用專業(yè)，幫助記憶。在教授學(xué)生記憶單詞時(shí)，很多教師大多還是選用拼讀的方式，作為引導(dǎo)學(xué)生入門的方法。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，往往是從學(xué)生熟悉字母開(kāi)始，在拼讀的過(guò)程中逐漸加深對(duì)單詞的記憶，也就是說(shuō)了解了字母，等于掌握了單詞，記憶單詞的速度與準(zhǔn)確度就都有了明顯的提高，最后學(xué)生順其自然的就解決了音標(biāo)問(wèn)題。久而久之，學(xué)生記憶單詞的速度與準(zhǔn)確度都達(dá)到了可以自學(xué)完成從單詞初識(shí)到記背的工作。
三、集思廣益，尋找方法。除了老師帶給學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言體系中的一些方法來(lái)記憶單詞外，其實(shí)學(xué)生也會(huì)自己找到一些方法來(lái)記憶單詞。他們總是運(yùn)用熟悉的東西增增減減來(lái)幫助他們記憶。有一次，我的女兒在記憶“大樓”這個(gè)單詞，我認(rèn)為對(duì)她而言這是一個(gè)有點(diǎn)難度的單詞，結(jié)果我女兒說(shuō)這個(gè)單詞最好記憶。因?yàn)樗选?ding”這一部分當(dāng)做拼音當(dāng)中的整體認(rèn)讀來(lái)識(shí)記的，再加之讀音又差不多。于是在以后的教學(xué)中，我總是鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生想想有沒(méi)有什么辦法來(lái)記憶單詞，在這種情況下，他們總是樂(lè)于開(kāi)動(dòng)腦筋的。他們會(huì)聯(lián)想到熟悉的東西，講出來(lái)和其他同學(xué)一起分享，這樣記背單詞的工作又多了一份樂(lè)趣。
四、遵循科學(xué)，鞏固記憶。記憶過(guò)程往往是建立在重復(fù)過(guò)程基礎(chǔ)上的，由“記憶—遺忘—再記憶”組成。根據(jù)這個(gè)規(guī)律，教師就要經(jīng)常引導(dǎo)學(xué)生復(fù)習(xí)鞏固。復(fù)習(xí)要趕在遺忘之前進(jìn)行，才能有更好的效果。更何況，學(xué)生的記憶特征更歸屬于短暫記憶，所以無(wú)論是老師和家長(zhǎng)對(duì)于他們的“快速遺忘”這個(gè)問(wèn)題千萬(wàn)要報(bào)以最寬容的心來(lái)科學(xué)地對(duì)待。當(dāng)面對(duì)學(xué)生的遺忘，教師要耐心地對(duì)待他們，體諒他們，幫助他們，鼓勵(lì)他們，教會(huì)他們?cè)鯓硬拍苄纬捎洃浀目茖W(xué)方法。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)14
(1)指示代詞分單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，既可作限定詞又可做代詞，例如：
單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)
限定詞：This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.
代詞：This is Mary. Those are my teachers.
(2)指示代詞的句法功能;
a.作主語(yǔ)
This is the way to do it.
這事兒就該這樣做。
b.作賓語(yǔ)
I like this better than that.
我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。
c.作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)
My point is this.
我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。
d.作介詞賓語(yǔ)
I dont say no to that.
我并未拒絕那個(gè)。
There is no fear of that.
那并不可怕。
英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)15
助動(dòng)詞
一.概念:
助動(dòng)詞是幫助主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成各種時(shí)態(tài),語(yǔ)態(tài),語(yǔ)氣以及否定或疑問(wèn)結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞.助動(dòng)詞分為時(shí)態(tài)助動(dòng)詞和結(jié)構(gòu)助動(dòng)詞兩種.
二.相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)精講:
1. 助動(dòng)詞be的用法
1) be +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
They are having a meeting. 他們正在開(kāi)會(huì)。
English is becoming more and more important. 英語(yǔ)現(xiàn)在越來(lái)越重要。
2) be + 過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：
The window was broken by Tom.. 窗戶是湯姆打碎的。
English is taught throughout the world. 世界各地都教英語(yǔ)。
3) be + 動(dòng)詞不定式，可表示下列內(nèi)容：
a. 表示最近、未來(lái)的計(jì)劃或安排。例如：
He is to go to New York next week.. 他下周要去紐約。
We are to teach the freshmen. 我們要教新生。
說(shuō)明： 這種用法也可以說(shuō)成是一種將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)表達(dá)法。
b. 表示命令。例如：
You are to explain this. 對(duì)此你要做出解釋。
He is to come to the office this afternoon. 要他今天下午來(lái)辦公室。
c. 征求意見(jiàn)。例如：
How am I to answer him? 我該怎樣答復(fù)他?
Who is to go there? 誰(shuí)該去那兒呢?
d. 表示相約、商定。例如：
We are to meet at the school gate at seven tomorrow morning. 我們明天早晨7點(diǎn)在校門口集合。
2. 助動(dòng)詞have的`用法
1)have +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)。例如：
He has left for London. 他已去了倫敦。
By the end of last month, they had finished half of their work. 上月未為止，他們已經(jīng)完成工作的一半。
2)have + been +現(xiàn)在分詞，構(gòu)成完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如：
I have been studying English for ten years. 我一直在學(xué)英語(yǔ)，已達(dá)十年之久。
3)have +been +過(guò)去分詞，構(gòu)成完成式被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：
English has been taught in China for many years. 中國(guó)教英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)多年。
3.助動(dòng)詞do 的用法
1)構(gòu)成一般疑問(wèn)句。例如：
Do you want to pass the CET? 你想通過(guò)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)測(cè)試嗎?
Did you study German? 你們學(xué)過(guò)德語(yǔ)嗎?
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