高考英語二輪語法專講精品教案 第1講 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)

 高考英語二輪語法專講精品教案 第1講 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 來源：中學(xué)學(xué)科網(wǎng)   知識(shí)掃描: 英語的動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)有四種：一般時(shí)態(tài)、進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)、完成時(shí)態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成公式為：have/has+過去分詞； 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成公式為：have/has been +現(xiàn)在分詞。 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的基本例句: 1)  We have lived here since1995. 2)  I have been to Japan twice. 3)  Joan has just finished her homework 其中，(2)(3)描述的是過去發(fā)生而與現(xiàn)在情況有關(guān)的事物或狀態(tài)，（1）描述的是從過去某時(shí)到現(xiàn)在為止這一段時(shí)間中發(fā)生的情況。 ▲ 總之，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表現(xiàn)的是從過去到現(xiàn)在的事情。 一、  現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的形式 A→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定句 句型：主語（I、we、you第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)）+have+過去分詞   主語（第三人稱單數(shù)）+has+過去分詞 例：1）I have been busy all the day. 2) My father has read today’s paper. 3)  I have just written the letter. B→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的否定句 句型：主語 + have/has + not + 過去分詞 例：1）The concert hasn’t/has not started yet. 2)They haven’t gotten to London yet. C→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的一般疑問句 例：1）Has the concert started? 2) Have you friend your homework? D→現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的特殊疑問句，分兩種情況 a. 疑問句詞作主語時(shí) 句型：疑問句（主語）+have/has+過去分詞+……？ 例：1）Who has/have bought these apples?   2)Who has made her so sad? B→疑問詞作主語以外的成分時(shí) 句型：疑問詞+have/has+主語+過去分詞+……？ 例：1)How long have you live here? 2)How many times have you been to Spain? 二、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法 1、概述   形式  have/has過去分詞 用法 意義 繼續(xù) 表示從過去繼續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 表示過去某一是可到現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)驗(yàn) 完成 表示現(xiàn)在剛完成的動(dòng)作 成果 表示現(xiàn)在是“做了……”的結(jié)果 例：1）繼續(xù) He has been sick since last week. 2) 經(jīng)驗(yàn) I have visited Tokyo twice.   Have you ever been to Hawaii? 3) 完成 I have just finished my homework.   Has he finished his work yet? 4) 結(jié)果 My father has become a lawyer.   I have lost my dictionary. 下面分別闡述其用法 2、表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 例：1）肯定句：Li Ming’s elder brother has studied in Beijing university for about three years.   2)否定句：We haven’t seen each other all this month.   3)疑問句：How long have you know your boy friend? A→基本用法 表示繼續(xù)意義的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，說明過去的動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也就是說從過去某時(shí)開始 的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在。此時(shí)，往往用和現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語。 例：1）I began to study English three years ago.(過去試) 2）I still study English now.(現(xiàn)在式) 3）I have studied English since three years ago.     現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) Have+過去分詞     ▲ 牢記：表繼續(xù)的動(dòng)詞 have known 已經(jīng)認(rèn)識(shí)了  have studied  已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了 have worked ； have been to； have used ；have taught ；have stayed; have wanted to; have lived ▲ B→常用的時(shí)間狀語 表示繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，常和下列時(shí)間狀語連用 for+時(shí)間段 since+過去某時(shí) all this week  often   today recently  all day up to now  直到現(xiàn)在  so far 到目前為止 lately  always  till/until now in the past years these days this  week during the past （years、month） 3、表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 例：1）肯定句：I have seen the film three times. 2) 否定句：I’ve never seen the film. 3)疑問句：Have you ever been to U.K.? A→基本用法 表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，說明從過去起到現(xiàn)在的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，即從過去到現(xiàn)在之間曾經(jīng)經(jīng)歷過或做過的事情。 B→常用的時(shí)間狀語   Often, ever, before, never, once, twice, times, many times C→ have/has been的用法 形式 意義 用法 Have/has been to 表示“曾經(jīng)去過……” 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 表示“到 … 去過了…” 完成 Have/has been in 表示“曾在……” 經(jīng)驗(yàn) 表示“一直在……” 繼續(xù) 例：a.  have been to I have been to the summer palace twice.(經(jīng)驗(yàn)) I have been to the museum to see the exhibition.(完成)   b. have been in Have you ever been in America?(經(jīng)驗(yàn)) We have been in home for the whole day.(繼續(xù)) 插曲：be 動(dòng)詞的過去分詞 Be動(dòng)詞的過去分詞不管主語的人稱和數(shù)都要用been表示 例：We have been tired these days 區(qū)別：I am happy.（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）   I was happy.（一般過去時(shí)）   I have been happy.（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)） 4．表示完成，結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 例：1）My father has just gone out.(結(jié)果)   2）I have closed the window.(完成)   3）Mr.Li has gone to Australia.(結(jié)果) A→表示完成的用法 I’ve just finished my homework. They have gone to GuiLin. B→表示結(jié)果的用法 例1、(1)I opened the door. (2)The door is open now. (3)I have opened the door. 例2、（1）John bought a dictionary. (2)Now John has a new dictionary. (3)John has bought a new dictionary. ▲牢記：表結(jié)果的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常見動(dòng)詞。 make  become  go  come  lose  grow  sell  buy  fall C→常見的時(shí)間狀語（副詞） already just  yet→句末 句中 三、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng) 1、just now和just的區(qū)別  just now用在一般過去時(shí) just用在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 例：1）We had an English lesson just now. 2) We have just had an English lesson. 2、today等時(shí)間狀語的運(yùn)用 運(yùn)用today，this morning，this afternoon等時(shí)間狀語時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)說話的具體情況而定。 例：1）He didn’t do his homework this afternoon.他今天下午沒有做功課。 He hasn’t done his homework this afternoon.他今天下午還沒有做功課呢。   2）He arrived here a little late today,because he got up late and didn’t catch the bus.   3)He has been very busy today.（截至到說話時(shí)，仍是在今天，他們很忙） 3、幾種時(shí)態(tài)表示同一意思 例：1)He left china two years ago.   2)It is two years since he left china.   3)He has away from china for 2 years. 四、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) 區(qū)別：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的結(jié)速或完成；而現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)側(cè)重于動(dòng)作的未結(jié)束和繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。 例：1）I have opened the can.   2) I have been writing the letter since then. 1、現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的形式： 1）主動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+have/has+現(xiàn)在分詞（doing） 2）被動(dòng)語態(tài)：主語+have/has been+過去分詞(done) 例：Have you been waiting for him all the day? 2、用法 a.在強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作還未結(jié)束，還要繼續(xù)下去時(shí)，不能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，而要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。 例：I’ve been writing the composition for two hours,but I haven’t finished it yet. b. 動(dòng)作不包含持續(xù)意思的動(dòng)詞，要用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作。 例：The artist has been painting the painting. c. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)也用來表示一種在現(xiàn)在以前這個(gè)階段反復(fù)發(fā)生的事。 例：He has promsing me to help you.Hasn’t he done it? d. 有些動(dòng)詞不能用于現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，但可用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 1）表狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞 be， have，exist 2）表感情的動(dòng)詞 like，love，hate，detest 3）表示感覺的動(dòng)詞  see，hear，know，feel，sound 例：1）He has had a cold for a week. 2)I have heard the news since last week. 3、常用的時(shí)間狀語：（與表繼續(xù)的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)相同） for+時(shí)間；since; these years; recently; all the time; how long… 例：1）They have been talking all the night. 2) How long has it been raining?

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