考研英語:語法大全(情態(tài)動詞-dare/need)
dare (敢)
的用法和其他動詞有所不同。dare用于否定句或疑問句中時,其用法和其他情態(tài)動詞一樣,即dare本身無變化,后面所跟的動詞不定式不帶to。如:
They dare not tell the truth.他們不敢說真話。
Dare he admit his mistake? 他敢于承認錯誤嗎?
He dared say no more。他不敢再說了。
但是dare用在肯定結(jié)構(gòu)中時,后面的動詞不定式可加to。如:
Young people should dare to think,dare to speak and dare to act.青年人要敢想、敢說、敢干。
[注一]在否定句或疑問句中,dare也可用作實義動詞,用助動詞do來幫助,后面的動詞不定式可帶to。如:
Do they dare to do it? 他們敢做這事嗎?
The enemy did not dare to come out after dark.敵人夜間不敢出來。
[注二]注意下面將兩種不同動詞揉合在一起的.說法。如:
I didn't dale come.我不敢來。
Who dares stop me? 誰敢阻攔我?
[英語語法手冊]情態(tài)動詞--need
need(需要)
的用法與dare幾乎完全相同。即在否定句或疑問句中,和其他情態(tài)動詞一樣,本身無變化,后面用不帶to的動詞不定式;在肯定句中時,和實義動詞一樣,后面的動詞不定式要帶to,第三人稱單數(shù)現(xiàn)在一般時加-s,并有時態(tài)的變化。如:
Need we return the magazines today?我們今天需要把雜志還回去嗎?
Every member needs to pay only a little money a year to get medical care.每個成員每年只需繳一點錢就可以得到醫(yī)療。
You need not write down your translation. You may do it orally. 你們不必寫下這個翻譯練習,口頭做就行了。
[注]與dare一樣,在否定句或疑問句里,need也可和實義動詞相同,用助動詞to do來幫助,后面的動詞不定式必須帶to。如:
Do they need to take any tools with them? -No., they don't need to.他們需要帶工具嗎? --不需要。
He did not need to go there early that day. 那天他不必早去。
need后面有名詞作賓語時
完全用作實義動詞,表示"需要"或"缺乏"某件事物。這時,它的變化和一般實義動詞完全相同。如:
I need a dictionary.我需要字典。
You need a hair-cut. 你該理發(fā)了。
Do you need a fountain-pen? 你需要一支自來水筆嗎?
I don't need a new jacket. 我不需要一件新茄克衫。
Mary looks tried,she needs a rest. 瑪麗看上去累了,需要休息。
Needn't后加動詞不定式(不帶to)的完成式時
指過去已做了但勿須做的動作。如:
You needn't have watered the vegetables,as it is going to rain.你滿可以不必澆菜,天要下雨了。
You needn't have brought your umbrella. We are going by taxi你滿可以不必帶傘,我們要坐出租汽車去。
[注一]注意didn't have to和didn't nee to則常表示過去未做也勿須做的動作。如:
I didn't have to interpret it for her,for she knows Chinese.我勿須為她翻譯,她懂漢語。
I didn't need to take a taxi; it is only five minutes walk to the station.到車站只須走五分鐘,我不需要坐出租汽車。
[注二] used to和had better也可看作是情態(tài)動詞。情態(tài)動詞used to表示過去的習慣,但現(xiàn)在已無此習慣(would表過去習慣時則無此含義)。如:
When I was young,I used to play football.我小時常踢足球。
He didn't use to come. (或用usedn't to)他過去不常來。
Did he used to come? (亦可說used he to...?)他過去常來嗎?had better表可取,意為"應(yīng)該"或"最好"。如:
We had better go now. 我們最好走吧。
You'd better stop now.你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該停下來。(對長輩不可用had better)
Hadn't we better go now? 我們現(xiàn)在走不好嗎?(had better一般不用于肯定疑問句)
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