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大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)閱讀技巧
閱讀復(fù)習(xí)是四六級(jí)(精品課)考試備考的一項(xiàng)大工程,尤其當(dāng)我們煩躁的時(shí)候,其篇幅之長(zhǎng),題目之多,簡(jiǎn)直可以令我們感到"發(fā)指"。這個(gè)時(shí)候,你就需要一些閱讀技巧,今天給到的閱讀技巧是排除選項(xiàng)四原則。
排除原則NO.1: 排除與原文相關(guān)句態(tài)度相反的選項(xiàng)
態(tài)度相反原則,即選項(xiàng)所述主題與原文正好相反或態(tài)度不一致,可立即排除。
如2010年6月的四級(jí)考試閱讀理解題目中,有一道題困擾了很多考生。
Passage 2 Q64: What does the author mean by "… you're just underlining his faults" (Line 4, Para. 3)?
原文相關(guān)句:If you tell your dim friend that he has the potential of an Einstein, you're just underlining his faults.
題目選項(xiàng):
A) You are not taking his mistakes seriously enough.
B) You are pointing out the errors he has committed.
C) You are emphasizing the fact that his is not intelligent.
D) You are trying to make him feel better about his faults.
這道題目很多同學(xué)會(huì)因?yàn)閒aults一詞而誤選了選項(xiàng)D)。我們嚴(yán)格應(yīng)用排除法來做題目,則可避免這一錯(cuò)誤。原文相關(guān)句主題 underline one's faults,意為"強(qiáng)調(diào)某人的錯(cuò)誤"。
先來關(guān)注各選項(xiàng)動(dòng)詞:A) not take … seriously沒有嚴(yán)肅認(rèn)真的對(duì)待,與原文相反,排除;B)point out指出錯(cuò)誤,保留;C) emphasize強(qiáng)調(diào),保留;D) try to make sb. feel better讓某人感覺更好,與強(qiáng)調(diào)錯(cuò)誤這一主題相反,排除。在此基礎(chǔ)上,再應(yīng)用主題相關(guān)原則做排除,B)選項(xiàng)提及指出某人所犯的錯(cuò)誤(errors),C)選項(xiàng)說強(qiáng)調(diào)他不聰明(not intelligent),原文表述he has the potential of an Einstein(有愛因斯坦先生的潛質(zhì)),沒有提到犯錯(cuò)誤,因此正確答案為C)。
排除原則NO.2:排除與原文相關(guān)句主題不一致的選項(xiàng)
主題一致性,是排除法的第一要義。很多題目,僅僅通過主題不一致原則就可以排除得出正確答案。
句子主題,通常體現(xiàn)在名詞或動(dòng)詞上。因此審題和排除選項(xiàng)時(shí),首先要關(guān)注句子中的核心名詞和動(dòng)詞,找尋題目與選項(xiàng)的一致性。
例如上文提及的2011年12月Passage2 Q63:What does the author mean by saying 'money is known… to bring a relationship to its knees' (Line 1 Para.2)?
原文相關(guān)句:Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful.
題目選項(xiàng):
A) Money is considered to be the root of all evils.
B) Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.
C) Few people can resist the temptation of money.
D) Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.
原文相關(guān)句主題為money和relationship之間的關(guān)系。
據(jù)此來考察各個(gè)選項(xiàng):A) 提到money和evil(邪惡)之間的關(guān)系,主題不一致,排除。B) 提到人們的尊嚴(yán)(dignity)的問題,主題不一致,排除。C) 提到抵擋(resist)錢的誘惑(temptation),主題不一致,排除。只有D) 選項(xiàng)提到了money和relationship的關(guān)系,保留為正確答案。
對(duì)于難度稍大些的題目,可以多次疊加應(yīng)用"主題相關(guān)"原則做排除。
如2011年12月Passage2 Q65:What does Kim Stephenson believe?
本題目利用Kim Stephenson回原文找尋相關(guān)句,為第三段落首句:Kim Stephenson, an occupational
psychologist, believes money is such a big deal because of what it symbolizes, which may be different things to men and women. 原文相關(guān)句可提取出如下主題:a big deal, symbolize, different things to men and women。
題目選項(xiàng):
A) Money is often a symbol of a person's status.
B) Money means a great deal to both men and women.
C) Men and women spend money on different things.
D) Men and women view money in different ways.
通讀選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn),A)含有symbol,B)提到a great deal,C)和D)都提及了different things/ways。因此,必須利用選項(xiàng)中其他主題詞做第二輪排除:A)選項(xiàng)提到person's status(社會(huì)地位),原文原句并未提及任何個(gè)人背景問題,排除;B)選項(xiàng)both men and women與原文所述different things to men and women不同,排除;C)提及spend money,原文未提到,排除。因此,最終答案為D)。D)選項(xiàng)中view money in different ways含義為"用不同的方式看待錢",原文句義為"錢對(duì)于男人和女人所代表的(symbolize)的東西是不同的"?梢,兩句雖轉(zhuǎn)換了描述方式,但基本含義是相同的。
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