英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案解析電子版

　　親愛(ài)的同學(xué)們，歡迎來(lái)到英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案解析的世界！這里，我們?yōu)槟憔�心�?zhǔn)備了最新的英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題，讓你提前感受考試的氛圍與難度。同時(shí)，我們還提供了詳細(xì)的答案解析，逐題剖析，幫助你理解考點(diǎn)、掌握解題技巧。無(wú)論你是正在緊張備考，還是想檢驗(yàn)自己的英語(yǔ)水平，這份真題及解析都將是你的得力助手。讓我們一起在知識(shí)的海洋中暢游，為英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試做好充分準(zhǔn)備，向著成功的彼岸奮勇前行。

　　英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案解析電子版 1

　　六級(jí)聽(tīng)力第一套

　　Conversation one.

　　ive just bought a new blender.

　　Whats that a blender?

　　A machine that blends food.

　　the electric kitchen appliance, exactly.

　　This one is state of the art. Ive been meaning to buy one for a while. I did thorough research on which specific model to get. I read through maybe hundreds of online user reviews. Anyway.

　　its amazing really what could be so special about it. I its just a blender.

　　Basically its just a very good one. It feels heavy and sturdy and well made. It also has lots of power and can easily cut and crush practically anything. This way. The soups and juices I make come out really fine and smooth with no lumpy bits.

　　I see I have never thought of getting one myself. It sounds like the kind of thing that for me personally I would rarely use.

　　Ive never had one before now that I do, I use it all the time. I make a fresh fruit juice in the morning, maybe not every morning but 3 or 4 times a week and it feels fantastic. Its a really healthy habit.

　　I can imagine that must feel quite satisfying. I can picture you getting all creative in the kitchen and trying out a multitude of different ingredients. Its obviously going to be healthier than buying packaged juice from a supermarket.

　　Its so much healthier. Its not even close did you know that store bought juice is like 10% sugar, right?

　　Then you bought it for the health benefits, mostly yes.

　　Basically, it allows me to have a more varied diet with a far wider assortment of nutrients, because its not only fruit in my morning juices. You see. I can also throw in vegetables, nuts, yogurt, cereals, anything that tickled my fancy.

　　Questions. 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　Question 1, what does the man say he did before buying the blender?

　　Question 2, what does the woman say she has never thought of doing?

　　Question 3, what does the man say is a really healthy habit?

　　Question 4, what do we learn about store bought juice from the conversation two?

　　Today we have a very interesting guest, mister thomas benjamin grimm, the mayor of burkington is here to talk about his job and responsibilities overseeing this charming village. Mr. Grimm, thank you for being here.

　　Thank you for having me.

　　Id like to start by stating the obvious burketon has become one of the most popular tourist destinations in the country and this has happened under your watch. Just how did you achieve this?

　　The achievements belongs to all the residents of burton. It was a shared effort where everybody pitched in for the communal good.

　　But how did this change happen? In about 10 years, burkton has gone from a relatively unheard of sleepy village to a must see destination.

　　Yes, the change has truly been remarkable. Burkton was always fortunate to be endowed with such a beautiful natural allure. The anbury hills above the village remain untouched by human development. The sonora valley just below it is equally stunning. The transformation commenced in a town hall meeting in spring 2008 over 10 years ago. Now when an overwhelming majority of neighbors voted in favor of motion, 836, this legislative proposal essentially set out to harmonize the aesthetic appearance of all the houses in berkton. The idea was that if all the properties looked a certain way with shared design features, then the village as a whole would look more beautiful. It worked, it certainly did.

　　Im looking now at a before and after photo and the change is truly remarkable. Its hard to believe its the same place. How do the neighbours feel now? Great pride.

　　I would say.

　　But what about the multitudes of visitors now crowding the streets? Is everyone happy about that?

　　The tourists we receive are a blessing as they have completely revitalized our local economy. Every visitor is warmly welcome.

　　Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.

　　Question 5, what is the question the woman asked mister grimm after the introduction?

　　Question 6, what do we learn about burkton of 10 years ago?

　　Question 7, what resulted from the passing of the legislative proposal motion 836.

　　Question 8, why does the man say the tourists are a blessing to bergen? Passage one,

　　researchers in the us have created a remote controlled robot that is so small. It can walk on the top of aus penny in research published in the journal science, robotics. A team at northwestern university said the crab like robot is 0.5 millimeters wide. Researchers described it as the smallest ever remote controlled walking robot. The tiny robot can bend, twist, crawl, walk, turn and even jump without the use of complex hardware or special power. The engineers said this is because the robot is powered by the elastic property of its body. To construct the robot, the researchers used a shape memory alloy material that transforms to its remembered shape when heated using a laser, the team is able to heat the robot at specific parts of its body, causing it to change shape as the robot deforms and goes back to its original shape. It creates movement from one place to another, because these structures are so tiny, the rate of cooling is very fast. Project lee, professor john a rogers said, in fact, reducing the sizes of these robots allows them to run faster. While the research is still in the exploratory phase, the team believes that technology could lead to micro sized robots that can perform practical tasks. In tightly confined spaces, you might imagine micro robots as agents to repair or assemble small structures or machines in industry or a surgical assistance to clear clogged arteries to stop internal bleeding or to eliminate cancerous tumors all in minimally invasive procedures. Rogers said.

　　Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　Question 9, what does the passage say about a team of researchers at northwestern university?

　　Question 10, what did the researchers say about the robot they created?

　　Question 11, what do the researchers expect their robots to do in the future?

　　Passage two, I dont want to boast or anything, but I have always considered myself something of an elite sleeper given the opportunity, I will sleep for marathon stretches and condose through the most extreme situations on one very rough ferry crossing on the route to the isles of silly. For example, my traveling companion spent the entire 3 hour ride throwing up in the bathroom while I dozed happily on a plastic chair. Unfortunately, it has come to my attention that I am not an elite sleeper. After all. It seems I am just lazy because elite sleepers are defined as the approximately 3% of the population who are biologically programmed to need less sleep than the rest of us. According to a study that came out in march, elite sleepers have rare genetic changes, which means they can sleep fewer hours than mere mortals without any risk of cognitive decline, it may not be possible to change your own genes, but can you train yourself to need less sleep? Is there a non biological way to reach elite sleeper status? I have spent the past year trying to answer that question, not for fun, I should add because having a baby has severely disrupted my sleep for which I still have a great passion for a while. I assumed id be forced to become one of those people who jump out of bed at the crack of dawn. After a year of tough scientific study, however, I have discovered being forced to get up early in the morning is very different from being an early bird.

　　Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.

　　Question 12. What does the speaker say she did on her ride to the isles of silly

　　Question 13. What do we learn from the passage about elite sleepers?

　　Question 14, what has the speaker been trying to find out over the past year?

　　Question 15, what has the speaker discovered after a year of tough scientific study?

　　Recording one if you read an article about a controversial issue, do you think youd realize if it had changed your beliefs? No one knows your own mind like you do. It seems obvious that you would know if your beliefs had shifted. And yet a new paper in the quarterly journal of experimental psychology suggests that we actually have very poor awareness of our own belief change, meaning that we will tend to underestimate how much weve been swayed. By a convincing article, the researchers recruited over 200 undergraduates across two studies and focused on their beliefs about whether physical punishment of kids is an effective form of discipline. The students reported their initial beliefs about whether physical punishment is an effective way to discipline a child on a scale from one completely disbelief to nine completely believe. Several weeks later, they were given one of two research based text to read. Each was several pages long and either presented the arguments and data in favor of physical punishments or against it. After this, the students answered some questions to test their comprehension and memory of the text. Then the students again scored their belief in whether physical punishment is effective or not. Finally, the researchers asked them to recall what their belief had been at the start of the study. The students belief about physical punishment changed when they read a text that argued against their own initial position. Crucially, the memory of their initial belief was shifted in the direction of their new belief. In fact, their memory was closer to their current belief than their original belief. The more their belief had changed, the larger this memory bias tended to be suggesting the students were relying on their current belief to deduce their initial belief, the memory bias was unrelated to the measures of how well theyd understood or recalled the text, suggesting these factors didnt play a role in memory of initial belief or awareness of belief change. The researchers concede that this research was about changes to mostly moderate beliefs. Its likely the findings would be different in the context of changes to extreme or deeply held beliefs. However, our beliefs on most topics are in the moderate range. And as we go about our daily lives reading informative material, these intriguing findings suggest we are mostly ignorance of what we just read has updated and altered our own position. Questions.

　　16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

　　Question 16. What does a new paper in the quarterly journal of experimental psychology suggest?

　　Question 17, what happened when the students read a text that argued against their own initial position?

　　Question 18, what did the researchers concede concerning their findings according to as the american population grows?

　　So does the number of american moms recording to as the american population grows? So does the number of american moms, but more than a century after mothers day became an official holiday. Even as that number increases, the share of the american population who are mothers is at the lowest point in 1/4 century. Its frequently noted that fertility rates are falling sharply in richer countries, but the less observed consequence of this trend is that a decline in births can also mean a decline in motherhood in general. According to my analysis of data from the census bureau, the decline of american motherhood is real occurring very quickly and may continue for some time yet. Not only are moms making up less of the population, but their characteristics are changing too. And in a way that might be linked to their proportional decline, moms today tend to be older than in the past. Just looking at recent years, the change in age specific birth rates has been drastic. In just the past few years, the peak childbearing age range for american women has advanced from that of 25 to 29 that To 34. Meanwhile childbearing among women under 20 has fallen by half or more. While childbearing among women 35 and older is rising. One positive consequence of this age shift is that a larger proportion of new mothers are economically prepared to raise children less positively. However, many women find that as they age, they cant have as many kids as they would like. Plus having children later in life can increase the risk of health complications. These finer points aside, one major consequence of the older moms trend is that fewer years of a womans life are spent as a mother. This means that at any given time, a larger share of women and thus of the whole population will report not having children in government surveys. In other words, later motherhood means less motherhood, even as motherhood rates decline, mothers day will endure. In fact, despite the demographic shift, retail spending on the holiday appears to be rising. It is hard to say if mothers day spending is rising more than one would expect, given that the american population keeps growing. But one factor might be that the proportion of women who are the mothers of adult children is rising. Those adult children may spend more generously when it comes to celebrating the moms. They no longer live with.

　　Questions, 19 to 21 are based on the recording. You have just heard.

　　Question 19. What does the speaker conclude from her analysis of the census bureaus data?

　　Question 20. What does the speaker say is a positive consequence of the age shift in childbearing?

　　Question 21. What might be one explanation for the rise in retail spending on mothers day?

　　Recording three. Since nasa published a paper in 1989, claiming that house plants can soak up pollution and toxic chemicals, businesses and homeowners have increasingly invested in greenery to help clean their air. But a new analysis suggests it could actually take more than 1,000 plants per square meter to gain a benefit any greater than simply opening a couple of windows. The problem lies in the fact that NASA conducted their tests in sealed containers that do not simulate the conditions in most peoples homes or offices. The space agency was primarily concerned about keeping the air fresh for astronauts cut off in biosphere or space stations and helping to combat sick building syndrome, which had become a problem due to the super insulated and energy efficient officers of the late 1970s. By the early 1980s, workers regularly complained of skin rashes, sleepiness, headaches and allergies as they breathed in toxic chemicals from paints and plastics. Nasa found that certain plants could remove chemicals from the air. And even today, garden centers recommend the plants for air cleaning properties. However, a new evaluation of dozens of studies spanning 30 years found that house plants in a normal environment have little impact. In fact, natural ventilation is far better at cleaning the air. The researchers also calculated the clean air delivery rates for plants in the studies they analyzed and found that the rate at which plants dispersed the compounds was well below the usual rates of air exchange in a normal building caused by the movements of people coming and going opening doors and windows. Many of the studies did show a reduction in the concentration of volatile organic compounds over time, which is likely why people have seized on them to praise the air purifying virtues of plants. But the researchers calculation showed it would take 10 to 1,000 plants per square meter of floor space to compete with the air cleaning capacity of a buildings, air handling system, or even just a couple of open windows in a house. In contrast, NASA sealed experiment recommended one pot plants per 100 square feet. This is certainly an example of how scientific findings can be misleading or misinterpreted over time. But its also a great example of how scientific research should continually re examine and question findings to get closer to the ground truth of understanding whats actually happening.

　　Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording. You have just heard question 22. What does nas as 1989 paper? Claim house plants can do.

　　Question 23. What is said to be the problem with nas as study reported in its 1989 paper?

　　Question 24. What is the finding of a new evaluation of dozens of studies spanning 30 years?

　　Question 25. What does NASA sealed experiment recommendation exemplify in scientists pursuit of truth?

　　六級(jí)聽(tīng)力第二套

　　After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices，mark abc and d then mark the corresponding letter on answer sheet one with a single line through the sensor。Conversation one。

　　Thank you for meeting with me，steven at such short notice。

　　not a problem，margaret。Now please give me some good news。Have you agreed to my last proposal？

　　I have indeed and I wish to sign the agreement pending one small change to be made to the contract。

　　Margaret，we have been through this for almost a year now back and forth making alterations。Are you sure you want to make a sponsorship deal for your clients or not？I ask this because frankly，some people at my end are running out of patience。I understand your concerns。

　　but as im sure you understand，we hold our clients best interests to be of the utmost concern。We therefore comb through the fine details of all contracts。Rest assured we all appreciate your firms patience。

　　Fine。So what changes do you wish to make？

　　Essentially，we would like the new deal to exclude the middle east。

　　Thats all the middle east。

　　Why my client has a couple of other perspective marketing deals from companies in the middle east。Those offers should they materialize would exclusively employ my clients image in the middle east only。Therefore，in order to avoid any conflict，we would need to ensure that both marketing campaigns do not overlap geographically。

　　What business sector in the middle east are we talking about here？

　　Real estate.

　　that should be okay then so long as the product is very different from our food and beverage market，there should be no conflict of interest。Nevertheless，I will have to run this through my people。I dont foresee any problem though，the middle east is a negligible market for us，but I still need to check this with a couple of departments。

　　Questions 1to4 are based on the conversation you have just heard。

　　Question 1，what does the woman say she will do？

　　Question 2，what does the man say about some people he represents？

　　Question 3，what reason does the woman give for the new deal to exclude the middle east？

　　Question 4，what does the man say about the middle east？

　　Next，we have a special science related news story。Paula hancock is at the denver observatory。Paula，what is the big story over there？Hi.john.All the astronomers on site here are very excited。In fact，space enthusiasts all across north america and the rest of the northern hemisphere will be congregated on mountain tops tonight to watch the night sky。

　　Whats the big event？Is there an eclipse happening soon？

　　Tonight the earth will come into close proximity with the oppenheimer comet。It is the closest our planet has been to such a phenomenon in over 100years。For this reason。It is expected that thousands of people will gaze up at the sky tonight in order to see this formidable object。

　　How far away is this common？Will people be able to see it with the naked eye？

　　The oppenheimer comet will still be millions of miles away on the edge of our galaxy。But nevertheless，this is a relatively close distance，close enough for people to observe in good detail through a telescope。People will only see a blur without one。However that does not mean one needs professional equipment。Even the most ordinary of telescopes should be conducive for people to observe and wonder at this flying object。

　　Many of our viewers will be wondering how they too can take part in this once in a lifetime event。Where will this comment be in the sky？How can people find it？

　　The comet will be almost exactly due north at60°above the equator。However，finding the comet is indeed very tricky and scientists here have told me there are plenty of phone apps that will facilitate this。

　　How fantastic？Thank you，paula for the information。

　　Questions 5to8 are based on the conversation you have just heard。Question five，what does the woman say about all the astronomers at the denver observatory？

　　Question 6，what do we learn from the conversation about the oppenheimer comment？

　　Question 7，what does the woman say？People will only see in the sky without a telescope？

　　Question 8，what do scientists at the denver observatory advise amateurs do to facilitate their observation。

　　single line through the center。Passage one，

　　dietary guidelines form the basis for nutrition advice and regulations around the world。While there is strong scientific consensus around most existing guidelines。One question has recently stirred debate。Should consumers be warned to avoid ultra processed foods？Two papers published today in the american journal of clinical nutrition outline the case for and against using the concept of ultra processed foods to help inform dietary guidelines beyond conventional food classification systems。The authors，carlos monteiro of the university of sao paulo and arna ostrich of novo nordisk foundation。Well discuss the issue in a live virtual debate。August14th，during nutrition，2024live online。The debate centers around a system developed by monteiro and colleagues that classifies foods by their degree of industrial processing，ranging from unprocessed to ultra processed。The system defines ultra processed foods as those made using sequences of processes that extract substances from foods and alter them with chemicals。In order to formulate the final product，ultra processed foods are characteristically designed to be cheap，tasty and convenient。Examples include soft drinks and candy，package snacks and pastries，ready to heat products and reconstituted meat products。Studies have linked consumption of ultra processed foods which are often high in salt，sugar and fat weight gain and an increased risk of chronic diseases，even after adjusting for the amount of salt，sugar and fat in the diet，while the mechanisms behind these associations are not fully understood，montero argues that the existing evidence is sufficient to justify discouraging consumption of ultra processed foods in dietary recommendations and government policies。

　　Questions 9to11 are based on the passage you have just heard。

　　Question 9，what question is said to have recently stirred debate？

　　Question 10，how does the system developed by montero and colleagues classify foods？

　　Question 11，what is consumption of ultra processed foods linked with according to studies passage two，believe it or not？

　　Human creativity benefits from constraints。According to psychologists，when you have less to work with，you actually begin to see the world differently。It constraints。You dedicate your mental energy acting more resourcefully when challenged you figure out new ways to be better the most successful creative people know that constraints give their minds the impetus to leap higher。People who invent new products are not limited by what they dont have or cant do。They leverage their limitations to push themselves even further。Many products and services are created because the founders saw a limitation in what they use。They created innovation based on what was not working for them at the moment。Innovation is a creative persons response to limitation in a 2015study which examined how thinking about scarcity or abundance influences how creatively people use their resources。Ravi matter at the university of illinois and meng zhu at johns hopkins university found that people simply have no incentive to use whats available to them in novel ways。When people face scarcity，they give themselves the freedom to use resources in less conventional ways because they have to obstacles can broaden your perception and open up your thinking processes，consistent constraints，help you improve at connecting unrelated ideas and concepts。Marissa meyer，former vice president for search products and user experience at google。Once wrote in a publication on bloomberg constraints，shape and focus problems and provide clear challenges to overcome。Creativity thrives best and constraint。

　　Questions 12to15 are based on the passage you have just heard。

　　Question12，what do psychologists say？People do when they are short of resources，

　　question13，what does the passage say about innovation？

　　Question14.What did a 2015 study by ravi mehta and meng zhu find?

　　question15.What did marissa meyer once write concerning creativity with a single line through the center？

　　Recording one different people use different strategies for managing conflicts。These strategies are learned in childhood。Usually we are not aware of how we act in conflict situations。We just do whatever seems to come naturally，but we do have a personal strategy and because it is learned，we can always change it by learning new and more effective ways of managing conflicts。When you get involved in a conflict，there are two major concerns you have to take into account，achieving your personal goals and keeping a good relationship with the other person，how important your personal goals are， how important the relationship is to you affect how you act in a conflict。Given these two concerns，five styles of managing conflicts can be identified when the turtle turtles withdraw into their shells to avoid conflicts。They give up their personal goals and relationships。They believe it is easier to withdraw from a conflict than to face it。Two，the shark sharks try to overpower opponents by forcing them to accept their solution to the conflict they seek to achieve their goals at all costs。Sharks assume that conflicts are settled by one person winning and one person losing。Winning gives sharks a sense of pride and achievement losing gives them a sense of weakness，inadequacy and failure。Three，the teddy bear。Teddy bears want to be accepted and liked by other people。They think that conflict should be avoided in favor of harmony and believe that conflicts cannot be discussed without damaging relationships。They give up their goals to preserve the relationship for the fox foxes are moderately concerned with their own goals and about their relationships，with other people。They give up part of their goals and persuade the other person in a conflict to give up part of his goals。They seek a solution to conflicts where both sides gain something5，the owl owls view conflicts as problems to be solved。They see conflicts as improving relationships by reducing tension between two people。They try to begin a discussion that identifies the conflict as a problem by seeking solutions that satisfy both themselves and the other person。Owls maintain the relationship。Owls are not satisfied until a solution is found that achieves their own goals and the other persons goals。And they are not satisfied until the tensions and negative feelings have been fully resolved。

　　Questions 16to18 are based on the recording you have just heard。

　　Question 16。Why does the speaker say strategies for managing conflicts can always be changed？

　　Question 17，what is said to affect the way one acts in a conflict？

　　Question 18 of the five styles the speaker discusses which views conflicts as problems to be solved?

　　Recording two，the genetic code of all1.5million known species of animals and plants living on earth will be mapped to help save species from extinction and boost human health。Scientists hope that cracking the genetic code of plants and animals could help uncover new treatments for infectious diseases。Slow aging improve crops in agriculture create new bio materials in britain，organizations including the natural history museum，the royal botanic gardens，a queue and the welcome sanger institute have joined forces to sequence britains 66,000 species of animals and plants dubbed the darwin tree of life project。It is expected to take 10 years and cost￡100 million once completed。All the information will be publicly available to researchers。Many scientists believe that earth has now entered the 6th mass extinction with humans creating a toxic mix of habitat loss，pollution and climate change，which has already led to the loss of at least 77 species of mammals and 140 types of birds。Since1500，it is the biggest loss of species since the dinosaurs were wiped out 66 million years ago。Scientists say that sequencing every species will revolutionize the understanding of biology and evolution，bolster efforts to conserve as well as protect and restore biodiversity。Doctor tim littlewood，head of life sciences department at the natural history museum said whether you are interested in food or disease，the history of how every organism on the planet has adapted to its environment is recorded in its genetic makeup，how you then harness that is dependent on your ability to understand it。We will be using modern methods to get a really good window on the present and the past。And course，a window on the past gives you a prospective model on the future。Sir jim smith，director of science at welcome said，try as I I cant think of a more exciting，more relevant，more timely or more internationally inspirational project。Since1970，humanity has wiped out60%of animal populations about 23,000of80,000 species surveyed are approaching extinction。We are in the midst of the 6th great extinction events of life on our planet which not only threatens wildlife species，but also imperils the global food supply。As scientists，we all realise we desperately need to catalogue life on a fragile planet。Now I think were making history。

　　Questions19to21 are based on the recording you have just heard

　　question 19.what do scientists hope to do by cracking the genetic code of plants and animals？

　　Question 20，what do many scientists believe with regard to earth？

　　How does sir jim smith，director of science at welcome describe the darwin tree of life project。John dunn，the english poet wrote in the 17th century，no man is an island entire of itself。Every man is a piece of the continent，a part of the main。Now a british academic has claimed that human individuality is indeed just an illusion，because societies are far more interconnected at a mental，physical and cultural level than people realize。In his new book，the self delusion。Professor tom oliver，a researcher in the ecology and evolution group at the university of reading argues there is no such thing as self。 And not even our bodies are truly us. Just as Copernicus realized, the earth is not the center of the univ"

　　英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案解析電子版 2

　　六級(jí)聽(tīng)力長(zhǎng)對(duì)話1

　　Conversation One

　　M: Hi Lily, hows the new apartment?

　　W: Its okay.

　　M:What? How can it be just okaywhen last week you were thrilledabout the place and keptnosting photos of it online?

　　W:Well,【1】 last week whenfmoved in, the apartment seemed cozy, justthe right size forone person. But nowit just seems tiny, shabby and solitary.

　　M: Al thats the problem. You missyour roommates from university,dont you?

　　W: Im going to sound like G idiot【2】because Iused to complain to youall the time about how crowded ourdormitory room was, and about allthe things they did to irritate me, likewatching movies late at night withoutheadphones, or talking loudly early inthe morning. But now Imiss themterribly.

　　M: Of course you do. Thats perfectlynormal. When I got my first place,Iremember thinking I could ti wait tolive by myself and get away from myjuvenile roommates and all their annoyipghabits.【3】 But then began issing them and feelinglonely and thinking that our dormitory was like paradise. Even though there were six of us guys inone small room.

　　W: I thought it was just m who reltlike thiat.

　　M: Look, you lived at home with us.And then you had three roommates.And this is your first time living alone.So i hard But your first apartmentis a milestone in your life. And youshould celebrate it. Tell me about theapartment.

　　W: Actuaily, its not bad. In fact, itspretty adorable. Now that I have decorated it and it has et rjthing Ineed. I have a kitchen to cook in thebathroom al! to myself.And then anothes room with my bed at one endand the sofa, a small table and chairsat the C herend.

　　M: That does sound adorable, and【4】Icant wait to see it. And neither canmom and dad.

　　Question 1: What was the womansfirst impression of the apartment?

　　Question 2: Why does the womansay shes going to sound like an idiot?

　　Question 3: What do we learn about the man when he left thedormitory to live on his own?

　　Question 4: What is the man say hecant wait to do.

　　W: Welcome to our program book talk. Q5.ourgyest today is FrankJonesiditicbf our education system and the author of new book,How to reform our universitres.

　　M: Hello, Susan.

　　W: Frank, you support radicallychanging universities in America. Yes.

　　Q6.I believe that the purpose of highereduad grefo prepare young peopleto enter the workforce and that ourcurrent system fails to do this, Wereallocating too many resou disciplines that dont match the needsof employers.

　　W: I think your attitude to education isa bit cynical Frank. Surely the purpose of university is to prepareyoung people to participate fully incivic life rather than just to find wellpaid jobs.

　　M: Susan, many young graduates struggle to find any job let alone agood one. The job markc isgrim.Particulaniior students who studythe arts. I agree that it isnt easy foryoungr gegple to find work, but youpropose closing down alt departments that arent directly

　　related to science and technology. Isthat rea lly the solution?

　　M: Youre overstating my paint. Q7.My argument is that we need it use moer of our budget on areas like science and engineering. To do that, we needto take money from subjects likeliterature and music

　　W: Q8,But the arts have value. Theyrean important part of our culture.studying literature or music or sculpture might not result in a job inthatae But it helps young people tothink about the world in a.deeperway, which makes them b citizens and makes fora better society.

　　M:l agree that the arts are valuable tosociety, but its naive to think that notonly tk miost talented, but allstudents should study them at university level. The odds are verycompetitive, and most graduates willend up with a great deal of debt,obtaining a degree that has littlevalue on the job market.

　　Question 5. What do we learn from theconversation about the man?

　　Question 6. What does the manbelieve is the problem with the current American System of Higher Education?

　　Question 7. How should the educationbudget be allocated according to theman?

　　Question 8. What does the woman saythe arts can do?

　　Passage One

　　Do you ever have the annoying feetingthat you dont have time to really thinkanymore? Youre not alone.【Q9】A variet dtdrs have conspired to robus of time for reflectionourselves and our lives.

　　preoccupied minds are rarely Silent.The average person receives hundredsof texts and voice messages a day. Andholidays for many of us are action-packed weeks more likely full of familyactivities than opportunities fortranquility and contemplation.【Q10】Regular reflection,howe,underlies all great professionals. Its a prerequisite for you to recharge yourmental batteries. See things in a newlight and tap into your creativity.

　　Almost all of the great advisors that Ihave studied have found ways to getaway from it all and contemplate theirlife and work. Some researchers in thefield of creativity, in fact, believe thatinsight occurs during the reflection and relaxation that follows aCeriod of intense actvity.

　　Schedule your time for reflection aboutyourwork ora particular proiect youre engaged in. I usually biock outhalf an hour. Dont answer the phone.Push your papers to the side. Sketch,make lists, draw mind maps of ideasthat come to you. At the end, write down any emerging ideas.

　　When youre alone, stop worrying andthink. A lot of our downtime is spentworrying about troublesc ne thihgs inour lives or fantasizing aboat how wedlike our lives to be.【Q11】 Revisitthings during moments of relaxationafter a periodnof intense work. This iswhenwe are the most creative.

　　Question 9 What do we learn about thefeeling that one doesnt heeitime tothink anymore?

　　Questica 10 What trait do all greatprofessionals share?

　　Question 11 What is some researchersbelieve is conducive to creative ideas?

　　Passage Two

　　had post offices The first opened in 1859 in asettlement founded by migrants searching for gold,Life could be unpredictable outwest. Gold failed to appear. Drought ruinedfarmers, and settlers clashed with_NativeAmericans.

　　On the settlements location now stands asprawling University campus. Amid all thechanges, one feature remained constant: thepostal service. The maps tracing Americaswestward expansion are telling in 1864 therewere few postat branches on land controlledby Native Americans, which still accountedfor most of the West. Over the next 25 years,post offices grew quickly. Colonizationof theWest could be regarded as a result of biggovernment rather than pioneers.【13】Asfederal subsidies and land grants temptedpeople into the deserts and plains, the postkept them connected.

　　In the mid-19th century, the Post OfficeDepartment was far from a centralizedbureaucracy. To keep up with migrationpatterns, postal services were added toexisting businesses.

　　【14】The federal government commissioned private wagons themail. Short term contracts were granted tolocal businessman to act as postmasters.These partnerships enabled the mail to quickly followmigrants helping knit togetherremote parts of the country.

　　Mr. Bellavance, a digital historian, wrote abook on the history of the US postal service.

　　【15】 He used the data science to analyzehistorical trends, Most strikingly he built anaccompanying website, complekw;Tinteractive maps.They show readers-howwithin a generation the postal service helpedcolonize a continent. These online interactivemaps illustrate the formative power of snailmail.

　　Q12 What does the passage say AboutColorado before it became a state?

　　Q13 How did the postal service contribute toAmericas westward expansion?

　　Q14 What did the federal government:do tomeet the increasing demand for the postalservice in the West?

　　Q15 What did Mr. Bellavance do to study thehistory of the US postal service?

　　聽(tīng)力演講1

　　In last weeks lecture, we discussed reasons whypeople forget things. This week we will discuss asurprising reason why we might remember somethings, anxiety. Think about something as simple asbuying a coffee. That may not seem like an experience that would make a deep impression onyour memory. But anxiety could change that. Q16.In fact, a new study suggests that people withhigher anxiety levels might remembertertain information better than people with lower anxietylevels.

　　Thats because higher levels of anxiety may makepeople moresusceptible to negative feelings,

　　putting them in a more negative state of mind. Thatin turn, may make them able to better remembersome events. Lets take a closer look at that newstudy now. Q17. In this study, tseardhersstarted by giving 80 undergraduate students ananxiety test. The test measure the participantsanxiety levels over the proceeding two weeks.

　　Then, to test memory, the participants were showna series of neutral words one at a time. Some of thewords were printed onto photos of negative scenes,meaning images that could affect their emotionsnegatively, such as a photo of a car accident, or acemetery. The rest of the words were printed ontophotos of neutral scenes, such as a photo of a lakeor trees. Neutral words included words like table ordesk that dont elicit emotion.

　　Later, the participants were asked to think back tothe words they were shown earlier, which causedthem to reenter either a negative or neutral mindset. The participants were then presented withanother set of neutral words, and their memory ofthese new words was tested.

　　The researchers found that the new words presented to people in a negative mindset werebetter remembered by people with higher levels ofanxiety than those with lower levels of anxiety.

　　In other words, when highly anxious individualstook in otherwise emotionally neutral informationthat was presented to them, it became colored bytheir negative mindset, making them remember theinformation better. But these same effects were notseen in people with low levels of anxiety.

　　Q18. Previous studies havefound that extremeevels of anxiety such as those experienced bypeople diagnosed with an anxiety disorder can bequite detrimentalto memory and cognitive performan But the highly anxious people in thisstudy represent individuals who are managing theiranxiety and for whom anxiety is not. a seriousproblem.

　　Question 16. What does the speaker say the newstudy suggests?

　　Question 17. What did researchers do first in thenew study?

　　Question 18. What do we learn from previousstudies aboutlanxiety?

　　Over the past 20 years, the u ternet hasgradually become a dominant featureof our lives. It has changed how wecommunicate with each other. And ithas definitely transformed the way wedo business with each other:Marketinghas also changed in a number of ways.

　　For instance, in the past, consumershad to call a phone number and patiently wait on hold in order to getthe information they wanted.

　　[Q19]Today, they want the informationimmediately. Theyll go to the companys sociaLmediapdc nifostcomments and questions expecting toreceive an immediate response. If theydont get their questions answeredsoon theyll move on to anothercompany that will answer themquickly.

　　Marketing departments today need tofollow technological development. Forexample, this year smartphone issmarter than last years. s fariving cars are now on the road. Marketershave to do research on which techncingies:are coming into bsing,otherwise, they risk being leit behindin the virtual dust.

　　Marketing has also changed due to theimportance of video. People dont justwant to read text. They walt to watchthings happening. Companies now have to explore how they can use videoon a consistent basis to share information about their sinesses.Fortunately, its extremely easy to

　　shoot something these days. All youneed is a smartphone.

　　But whats the result of all this? Shorteraitention spans? We arent the samepeople that we were 20 yedi ago. Notonly have we grown accustomed togetting the information we want instantaneously, our attention spansare much shorter. If something doesntcaptulc ourattention within a few

　　seconds. Were on to the next piece ofcontent.[Q20]Marketers need to figureout ways to speak directly to the customers emotions and they need tofigure out how to do that as quickly aspossible. Once people are emotionallyengaged, theyll stick with you.

　　If marketingi has changed this much inthe past 20 years, imagine what thenext 20 years will bring li ai recentsurvey, only 9% of marketers could saywith confidence that their marketingefforts were actually working. Theirconfidence is being shaken becausethe rules of the game change everyyear. Thats why [Q21]itsimportant for marketers to pay attention to the latest technological devel and consider collaborating with technological innovators. That way,theyll be moving at the same pace asthe tech industry.

　　Question 19 What does the speaker sayabout todays consumers?

　　Question 20 How do marketers captureconsumersattention as quickly aspossible?

　　Question 21 What does the speakersuggest marketers do to meet futurechalletes?

　　演講3

　　You might be surprised to learn that [Q22] thebenefits offriendships extend beyond peoples

　　sociallifeand into their work, which is interestingwhen cd lili the extent to which people

　　sacrifice friendships, or at least the time they spendwith friends because of the exte edihairstheyredevoting to work. Just last week, rwas remarking toa colleague that Im content with only one socialengagement per week. But according to recentresearch, thats evidently not enough.

　　In an initial study of more than 700 respondents,scholars from an American university [Q23] analyzethe imrf thst:fiends as opposed to family haveon sel dem Jahd well-being. Friends came outsubstantially on top. Thats because to be someones mate is a voluntary act. Unlike familywho people rarely get to choose. The researchersfound that when people choose to cultivate andmaintain supportive friendships with an individual,it means that the person is valued and worthy oftheir limited time. Such sentiments of value andworthiness boost our self-esteem.

　　The second study comprised more than 300 participants. It proved that the better we feel aboutourselves, the more likely we will perform our jobconfidently and competently. This follow-up studyfound that [Q24] non-work friends even improvedpeoples job satisfaction. They have as much of animpact on how much they love their jobs, as do thefriends they have at work, despite not actuallybeing at our place of work. These types of friendstend to be our preferred outlet fo nni aboutwork-related mattersyThis is an avenue that maynot be available at the office.

　　So even though friendships can be easy to neglectwhen confronted-by pressures at work, or evenpressures at home, neglecting our friends can turnout to be harmful and counterproductive. Thatswhy when determining how to create a better work-life balance, we need to consider not only how tobalance work and family demands, but also how tocultivate and sustain supportive friendships. Its for employees for flexible work arrangements. Its

　　irrelevant whether their need for a desired scheduleis due to say, parenting responsibilities, or a craving to hang out with their best mate. Whatmatters is the opportunity to engage in a nourishingactiyity outside of work. That will definitely have afollow-on effect at work.

　　Q 22 What does the speaker say is interesting?

　　Q 23 What did researchers from an Americanuniversity analyze in their initial study?

　　Q 24 What did the second study find aboutmon-work friends?

　　Q 25 What does the speaker suggest managers do?

　　英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案解析電子版 3

　　2023年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)真題及答案（第三套）

　　Part I Writing (30 minutes)

　　Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence“It is widely accepted that an important goal of education is to help students learn how to learn.”You can make comments,cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay.You should write at least 150words but no more than 200 words.

　　Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)

　　溫馨提示：2023年6月聽(tīng)力實(shí)考兩套，第三套與前兩套一致，故未重復(fù)給出

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)

　　Section A

　　Directions:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

　　You might not know yourself as well as you think.According to a new study,people are26accurate judges of only some of their behaviors.While most previous studies on how well people know themselves have been done on long-term personality traits,this new study27how well people understand how they are acting from one moment to the next.Researchers asked participants to wear audio recorders that automatically28every 9.5 minutes between 7 a.m.and 2 a.m.to record 30 seconds of audio.These participants were then emailed surveys four times a day asking them to29how outgoing,agreeable,or conscientious they were during a particular hour of the day.The study used data from 248 participants,all of whom answered questions about their behavior for two30weeks and wore the audio device for one of those weeks.

　　Six laboratory assistants rated each participants audio clips to see how their observations compared with peoples31of themselves.The six assistants were generally in agreement with one another about how the people they were observing acted.Further,participantsratings of their own behaviors agreed with observersfor how outgoing and how conscientious they were being.But the agreement between participants and outside observers was much smaller for agreeableness.Some of this32could be because the observers used only audio clips,and thus could not read33like body language,but there are34other explanations,as people should be able to hear when a participant is being kind versus being rude.The weak agreement between how participants thought they were acting and what observers heard could be because people would rather35rude behavior.

　　A)activated I)probes

　　B)articulatesJ)random

　　C)assessmentK)recall

　　D)consecutiveL)relatively

　　E)cuesM)saturated

　　F)denyN)symptoms

　　G)discrepancyO)terminate

　　H)probably

　　Section B

　　Directions:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.

　　Why we need tiny colleges

　　A)Were experiencing the rebirth of smallness.Farmers markets,tiny homes,and brew pubs all exemplify our love of smallness.So do charter schools,coffee shops,and local bookstores.Small is often(but not always)more affordable,healthier,and sustainable,but its finest characteristic,the one that turns charm into love,is that going small allows us to be more fully who we are.

　　B)In higher education the trend is mostly in the opposite direction:Universities with 20,000 or 30,000 students are considered“mid-sized”.The nations largest university,Arizona State University,has 80,000 students on campus and aims to enroll another 100,000 students online.At the other end of the spectrum is a handful of colleges that have fewer than a hundred students on campus and no online courses:colleges such as Sterling College,Thomas More College of Liberal Arts,and Deep Springs College.These colleges are so small that they can only be called “tiny.”

　　C)Tiny colleges focus not just on a young persons intellect,but on the young person as a whole.Equally important,tiny colleges ask,“How can education contribute to human flourishing and the well-being of the world?”And they shape a college experience to address that question.They replace concerns about institutional growth with attention to the growth of students as fully developed participants in their communities.

　　D)Ive had the privilege of teaching at three different institutions of higher learning during my career—a small liberal arts college and two mid-sized public universities.Ive also been profoundly disappointed in each of these institutions,and in many of my colleagues,especially when it comes to helping students and preparing them for the many responsibilities of adulthood.Administrators focus on the business of running a university,and most faculty focus on their scholarship and teaching their discipline.Little deliberate attention is given to how students mature as individuals and social beings.

　　E)Having just retired from teaching at a public university,Im now returning to my hometown of Flagstaff,Arizona,to establish a tiny college—Flagstaff College.Im convinced theres a need for another type of education,one devoted to helping students come into their own and into this beautiful and troubled world.Young people need an education that will provide them with meaning,hope, courage,and passion,as well as information and skills.Large institutions,I believe,are particularly ill-suited to this type of education.

　　F)Theres no“best of”list when it comes to tiny colleges,at least not yet.But around the country people are creating new colleges that provide an alternative to small liberal arts colleges,large public universities,and online education.

　　G)With only 26 students,Deep Springs is the smallest college in the country and,quite likely,the most atypical (非典型的) .Located on a working cattle ranch on the California-Nevada border,Deep Springs is a private,residential,two-year college for men,committed to educating students for “a life of service to humanity.”Founded by the electricity tycoon(大亨)L.L.Nunn in 1917,Deep Springs “curriculum”revolves around academics,labor,and self-governance.In addition to their courses, students are charged with running the 155-acre ranch and overseeing the functioning of the college. Students chair both the admissions and the curriculum committees.

　　H)“Living in close community with ones teachers and fellow students,and being forced to take on adult responsibilities,makes for ones growth as a person,"says William Hunt,who graduated last year. “To exist for very long in a community like that,you have to get over the question of whether youre sufficiently talented or principled and get started worrying about how you can stretch yourself and your peers,how much you can manage to learn with them."

　　I)Sterling College,in Craftsbury Common,Vermont,is also very small-fewer than 100 students. Unlike Deep Springs,Sterling focuses its curriculum on environmental and social justice issues,but like Deep Springs it places a high value on personal responsibility and manual labor.According to its catalog,a college education at Sterling combines“rigorous academics,roll-up-your-sleeves challenges, and good old hard work.”

　　J)The average tuition at a small liberal-arts college is $30,000 to $40,000 a year,not including the cost of living on campus,as compared to $8,000 to $10,000 a year for tuition alone at a public university. Of the tiny colleges,only Deep Springs doesnt charge tuition or room and board;students pay only for books and the cost of traveling to and from college.If tiny schools are to become a player on the higher education scene,they will need to find a way to be truly affordable.

　　K)Doing so may not be that difficult so long as they do not pattern themselves too closely on existing norms.Weve come to believe that a good college should have many academic programs and excellent facilities,posh (豪華的`) dorms,an array of athletic programs,and a world-class student activity center.Imagine a good college without a climbing wall!We also have accepted the idea that college presidents,and their many vice-presidents,should be paid like their counterparts in the business world and that higher education requires an elaborate,up-to-date technology infrastructure.All of this drives up the cost of education.

　　L)The “trick”to making tiny colleges affordable,if thats the right word,is simplicity.At its core, education is a human-to-human interaction.Reflecting on his own college education,President Garfield once commented that an ideal college would consist of nothing more than the legendary teacher Mark Hopkins on one end of a log and a student on the other.The economics of a tiny college, in other words,might be similar to that of a tiny house.Because it is small,a tiny house costs less to build and less to furnish,insure,and maintain.But the economic benefits of a small house dont end there.Tiny homes discourage homeowners from buying stuff that they really dont need,because theres no place to put it.

　　M)Im a late convert to the idea of tiny colleges,and I fully understand the need for many diverse types of educational institutions.Academic research and job training are important,but tiny colleges arent suited for either.The educational needs of a complex society are themselves complex,and no single model can meet all of these needs.But Im now convinced theres an educational need thats now going almost completely unmet:namely,the need to help young people transition into adulthood.Tiny colleges can do this better than any other type of educational institution.

　　N)The ultimate justification for a tiny college is the conviction that each of us comes into our full humanity by close interaction with those who know and care for us,and that one of the basic purposes of higher education is social.Although we give lip service to the idea that a college education will make us better people,when alls said and done,we think of higher education primarily in economic terms. Weve come to think of higher education as a means to make a living rather than make a life.Weve also come to see higher education as a private good rather than a public one.Tiny colleges are not the answer to all of our educational requirements,but theyre an answer to one of our most basic educational necessities:the need to produce thoughtful,engaged,and compassionate human beings.

　　36.One tiny American college situated on a cattle farm is devoted to educating students to serve mankind throughout their lives.

　　37.Much to the authors disappointment,the three institutions of higher learning where she taught largely ignore studentsgrowth as social beings.

　　38.Tiny colleges must be made affordable in order to play a role in higher education.

　　39.According to a recent graduate from a tiny college,living together with faculty and fellow students is conducive to a students growth as a person.

　　40.Rather than going small,most American universities are trying to go big.

　　41.In a certain tiny college,rigorous academic work and traditional manual labor are integrated.

　　42.Tiny colleges focus on educating students to become well-rounded citizens instead of seeking their own expansion.

　　43.The essence of education lies in the interaction between people.

　　44.After her retirement,the author has decided to set up a tiny college in her hometown.

　　45.Tiny colleges are justified as it is believed that our growth into full humanity comes through interaction with people near and dear to us.

　　Section C

　　Directions:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

　　Passage One

　　Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

　　If youre someone who has turned to snacking on junk food more in the pandemic(大流行病),youre not alone.Investigative reporter Michael Moss says processed food is engineered to hook you,not unlike alcohol, cigarettes,or other harmful substances.His 2013 book,Salt Sugar Fat,explored food companiesaggressive marketing of those products and their impact on our health.In his new book,Hooked,Moss updates the food giantsefforts to keep us eating what they serve,and how theyre responding to complaints from consumers and health advocates.

　　Processed food is inexpensive,its legal,and its everywhere.Companiesadvertising is cueing us to remember those products and we want those products constantly.So the food environment is one of those key things that makes food even more problematic for so many people.Memory,nostalgia (懷舊)in particular, plays a big role in the foods we crave.Soda companies discovered that if they put a soda in the hands of a child when theyre at a ball game with their parents,that soda will forever be associated with that joyous moment. Later in life,when that child wants to experience a joyous moment,theyre going to think of soda.Many people seek comfort in the snacks they remember from childhood.

　　Moss examines the way companies capitalize on our memories,cravings and brain chemistry to keep us snacking.

　　One of the reasons I came to think that some of these food products are even more powerful,more troublesome than drugs can be is memory.What we eat is all about memory.And we begin forming memories for food at a really early age.And we keep those memories for a lifetime.Knowing this,the food industry spends lots of time trying to shape the memories that we have for their products.One of the features of addiction that scientists studying drug addiction discovered back in the 1990s was that the faster a substance hits the brain,the more apt we are as a result to act impulsively.Theres nothing faster than food in its ability to hit the brain.For Moss,this puts the notion of “fast food”in an entirely new light as this isnt limited to fast food chains—almost 90%of food products in grocery stores are processed foods.Everything in the industry is about speed,from manufacturing to packaging.

　　Overall,Moss outlines the industrys dependence on making their products inexpensive,super delicious, and incredibly convenient for consumers.Now that more and more people care about what they put in their bodies and are wanting to eat healthier,these companies are finding it really difficult to meet that new demand because of their own addiction to making these convenience foods.

　　46.In what way does Michael Moss think processed food is comparable to alcohol and cigarettes?

　　A)They are all addictive.

　　B)They are all necessary evils.

　　C)They are all engineered to be enjoyed.

　　D)They are all in increasingly great demand.

　　47.What does the author say plays a key role in the foods we crave?

　　A)The food environment.

　　B)Aggressive marketing.

　　C)Convenience.

　　D)Memory.

　　48.What do food companies do to capitalize on consumersassociation with their food products?

　　A)They strive to influence how consumers remember their products.

　　B)They attempt to use consumerslong-term memories to promote addiction.

　　C)They try to exploit consumersmemories for their products as early as possible.

　　D)They endeavor to find what consumers remember about their products.

　　49.How does the food industry operate from manufacturing to packaging,according to Moss?

　　A)Placing the idea of fast food in an entirely new light.

　　B)Setting no limit to the number of fast food chains.

　　C)Focusing on how quickly the work is done.

　　D)Prioritizing the quality of their products.

　　50.Why are companies finding it difficult to satisfy consumersdemand for healthier food products?

　　A)They think speed of production outweighs consumershealth.

　　B)They believe their industry would perish without fast foods.

　　C)They have to strike a balance between taste and nutrition.

　　D)They are hooked on manufacturing convenience foods.

　　Passage Two

　　Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

　　Chimpanzees (黑猩猩),human beingsclosest animal relatives,share up to 98%of our genes.Yet humans and chimpanzees lead very different lives.Fewer than 300,000 wild chimpanzees live in a few forested corners of Africa today,while humans have colonized every corner of the globe.At more than 7 billion,human population dwarfs that of nearly all other mammals—despite our physical weaknesses.

　　What could account for our speciesincredible evolutionary successes?

　　One obvious answer is our big brains.It could be that our raw intelligence gave us an unprecedented ability to think outside the box,innovating solutions to thorny problems as people migrated across the globe.

　　But a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists ( 人 類 學(xué) 家 ) are rejecting that explanation.They think that,rather than making our living as innovators,we survive and thrive precisely because we dont think for ourselves.Instead,people cope with challenging climates and ecological contexts by carefully copying others.

　　In a famous study,psychologists Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten showed two groups of test subjects- children and chimpanzees—a mechanical box with a treat inside.In one condition,the box was opaque,while in the other it was transparent.The experimenters demonstrated how to open the box to retrieve the treat,but they also included the irrelevant step of tapping on the box with a stick.

　　Oddly,the children carefully copied all the steps to open the box,even when they could see that the stick had no practical effect.That is,they copied irrationally:Instead of doing only what was necessary to get their reward,children slavishly imitated every action theyd witnessed.

　　Of course,that study only included three-and four-year-olds.But additional research has shown that older children and adults are even more likely to mindlessly copy othersactions,and infants are less likely to over- imitate—that is,to precisely copy even impractical actions.

　　By contrast,chimpanzees in the study only over-imitated in the opaque condition.In the transparent condition—where they saw that the stick was mechanically useless—they ignored that step entirely.Other research has since supported these findings.

　　When it comes to copying,chimpanzees are more rational than human children or adults.

　　Where does the seemingly irrational human preference for over-imitation come from?Anthropologist Joseph Henrich points out that people around the world rely on technologies that are often so complex that no one can learn them rationally.Instead,people must learn them step by step,trusting in the wisdom of more experienced elders and peers.

　　So the next time you hear someone arguing passionately that everyone should embrace nonconformity and avoid imitating others,you might laugh a little bit.Were not chimpanzees,after all.

　　51.What might explain humanshaving the largest population of almost all mammals?

　　A)They are equipped with raw strength for solving the most challenging problems.

　　B)They cope with the outside world more effectively than their animal relatives.

　　C)They possess the most outstanding ability to think.

　　D)They know how to survive everywhere on earth.

　　52.What accounts for humansevolutionary successes according to a growing number of cognitive scientists and anthropologists?

　　A)They are better at innovating solutions.

　　B)They thrive through creative strategies.

　　C)They are naturally adaptive to ecological contexts.

　　D)They meet challenges by imitating others carefully.

　　53.What does the author think is odd about the findings of the study by Victoria Horner and Andrew Whiten?

　　A)Children irrationally imitated every action of the experimenters.

　　B)Chimpanzees could tell the transparent box from the opaque one.

　　C)Chimpanzees could retrieve the treat more quickly than children did.

　　D)Children omitted the step of tapping on the box with a stick to open it.

　　54.What is anthropologist Joseph Henrichs explanation for the human preference for copying?

　　A)It originates in the rationality of people around the world.

　　B)It stems from the way people learn complex technologies.

　　C)It results from people distrusting their own wisdom.

　　D)It derives from the desire to acquire knowledge step by step.

　　55.What point does the author want to emphasize when he says“Were not chimpanzees”?

　　A)It is arguable whether everyone should avoid imitation.

　　B)It is characteristic of human beings to copy others.

　　C)It is desirable to trust in more knowledgeable peers.

　　D)It is naive to laugh at someone embracing nonconformity.

　　Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

　　Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English.You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

　　近年來(lái)，中國(guó)城市加快發(fā)展，城市人居環(huán)境得到顯著改善。許多城市努力探索中國(guó)特色的城市高質(zhì)量 發(fā)展之路，城市功能不斷完善，治理水平明顯提高。中國(guó)持續(xù)開(kāi)展城市生態(tài)修復(fù)和功能修補(bǔ)，全面實(shí)施城 鎮(zhèn)老舊小區(qū)改造，大力推進(jìn)城市園林綠化，消除污染；同時(shí)大力推進(jìn)城市基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施體系化建設(shè)，開(kāi)展房屋建 筑和市政設(shè)施普查以及安全隱患排查整治，努力為市民創(chuàng)造高品質(zhì)的生活環(huán)境，讓城市更美麗、更安全、更 宜居。

　　2023年6月英語(yǔ)六級(jí)答案（第三套）

　　Part I Writing

　　參考范文:

　　It is widely accepted that an important goal of education is to help students learn how to learn.While the accumulation of knowledge is undoubtedly crucial,it is the capacity to acquire, assimilate, and apply information that truly benefits individuals throughout their lives.

　　For one thing,the world is constantly evolving, with new information and ideas emerging at a rapid pace. The ability to learn equips students with the necessary skills to keep pace with these changes.For another,developing learning capacity promotes problem-solving skills and fosters creativity.Memorization often follows a fixed pattern, restricting students ability to think outside the box.Conversely, when students are empowered to learn,they acquire the skills to think critically and approach challenges with creative solutions.Moreover,students who are taught how to learn can develop a curiosity for new knowledge,thereby becoming a lifelong learner.

　　In conclusion,the focus of education should be shifted from imparting knowledge to cultivating learning skills in students.To achieve this goal,educators should focus on teaching key learning strategies, such as goal-setting and self- assessment.They can also foster a love for learning by allowing students to explore their interests and providing opportunities for independent and collaborative learning.

　　Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension

　　26.L 27.I 28.A 29.K 30.D 31.C 32.G 33.E 34.H.35.F

　　36.G 37.D 38.J 39.H 40.B 41.I 42.C 43.L 44.E 45.N

　　46.A 47.D 48.A 49.C 50.D 51.C 52.D 53.A 54.B 55.B

　　Part V Translation

　　參考譯文:

　　In recent years,Chinas cities have witnessed accelerated development and significant improvements in the urban living environment.Many cities have been making efforts to explore the path of high-quality urban development with Chinese characteristics,bringing about continuous improvement of urban functions and a noticeable rise in the level of governance.China has been ceaselessly carrying out urban ecological restoration and functional repair,comprehensively implementing the renovation of old residential neighborhoods,and vigorously promoting urban landscaping to eliminate pollution.At the same time,China has been giving great impetus to the systematic construction of urban infrastructure,and conducting surveys of housing buildings and municipal facilities as well as the investigation and rectification of potential safety hazards,in an effort to create a high-quality living environment for citizens and make cities more beautiful,safer and more livable.

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