初高中英語語法知識

　　初高中英語語法知識：重點單詞及短語

　　I. upset心煩意亂的 ignore不理睬，忽視calm使(平靜) concern使(擔(dān)憂) outdoor戶外的 dusk黃昏 thunder打雷，雷聲 entire完全的 suffer遭受，忍受 loose松的 teenager青少年 suitcase手提箱

　　curtain窗簾 highway公路，大陸

　　II.calm sb down使某人平靜 be concerned about擔(dān)心，關(guān)心

　　go through經(jīng)歷 set down記下，寫下 a series of一連串的

　　on purpose故意 in order to為了 at dusk在黃昏時刻

　　settle down安家;定居 face to face面對面地 no longer;not …any longer不再 suffer from illness患病 suffer loss遭受損失;忍受 recover from a cold從感冒中痊愈 pack something up捆扎，包扎 take part in參加 walk sb陪某人散步 walk the dog遛狗

　　disagree with somebody不同意某人 get on/along well with somebody與某人相處很好 get /be tired of sb/sth對某人、某物厭煩 fall in love with愛上某人 be crazy about對…迷戀 add up all the numbers加起來所有數(shù)字 add to the beauty增添了美麗 add…to把…加到…里

　　add up to 200共計200 have trouble/difficulty with sth在某事上有麻煩

　　have trouble/difficulty in doing sth做某事有麻煩 get loose 松了

　　have got to=have to 不得不 haven’t got to=don’t have to

　　go on holiday去度假 cheat in the exam作弊 happen to do碰巧做某事

　　初高中英語語法知識：詞形變化

　　upset—upset—upset---upsetting; ignore---ignorant(adj，無知的)---ignorance(n,無知);outdoor(adj，an outdoor hotel)—outdoors(副詞go outdoors);entire---entirely(副詞);dust(名詞，灰塵)--dusty(形容詞，布滿灰塵的);Germany(形容詞，德國的;德國人的)---German(名詞，德國，德國人);lonely(形容詞，孤獨的)--loneliness(名詞，孤單);exact(形容詞，精確的)---exactly(副詞);like—dislike(反義詞); go through—went through---gone through(經(jīng)歷)

　　初高中英語語法知識：重點單詞

　　1. get sb to do sth，make/have sb do sth 讓某人做某事

　　get/make/have sb doing sth讓某人一直做某事

　　get/have/make sth done讓別人來做這件事;某事被做

　　I got my car repaired yeaterday. get my hair cut理頭發(fā)

　　get my tooth pulled out拔牙

　　2. ignore忽視(故意地)，neglect忽略(不是故意的)

　　3. should have done本該做但卻沒做;shouldn’t have done本不該做卻做了

　　4. be concerned about關(guān)心，擔(dān)憂; be concerned with與…有關(guān)，參與

　　The meeting was concerned _with___ reforms and everyone present was concerned ____about_ their own interests.

　　5. it is/was…that/who…強調(diào)句

　　(1)區(qū)分強調(diào)句與定語從句，一要看去掉it is/was…that/who之后句子完整不完整;二要看作用是強調(diào)句子的某一部分還是修飾句子某一部分，若是強調(diào)則為強調(diào)句，修飾則為定語從句

　　比如：This is Monday when he met his classmates.(定語從句)

　　這就是他遇見他同學(xué)的那個周一。

　　It is on Monday that he met his classmates.(強調(diào)句)

　　就是在周一他遇見他同學(xué)的。

　　(2)如是一般疑問句，強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)用 “”Be it…that(who)…?”,如果原句是特殊疑問句，則用“特殊疑問詞+be+it…that(who)…?”

　　Is it at the end of 20xx that China joined WTO?

　　When is it at the end of 20xx that China joined WTO?

　　(3) 如原句中含有“not…until”,強調(diào)時，將not 連狀語一起強調(diào)

　　It was not until she took off her hat that I recognized her.

　　(4)人稱，時態(tài)要保持一致

　　It is Tom that/who helps me solve the problem.

　　It was you who had the book.

　　6. 區(qū)分dare實義動詞與情態(tài)動詞的用法

　　實義動詞： dare/dares/dared to do, doesn’t /didn’t/don’t dare to do 不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，且dare 隨人稱變化

　　情態(tài)動詞： dare do, dare not do 不帶to，且dare不隨人稱變化，但有dared do/ dared not do 就像can，may一樣，它也有過去式

　　7. It is the first time that sb has/have done sth這是某人第一次做什么事

　　It was the first time that sb had done sth.

　　8. in order to 用于句首，句中， so as to只用于句中

　　9. take part in， join， attend， join in區(qū)別

　　join+群體 (join the army參軍，join them加入他們，join the Party入黨)

　　join in+競賽，娛樂，活動

　　take part in參加群眾性活動并起積極作用。 比如，I took part in the Sports Meeting and won the first.

　　Attend正式的，參加會議，婚禮等，attending the meeting, wedding ceremony

　　10. 省略

　　a. When seen from the top of the building, the buses looks small.

　　b. While walking through the park, we saw a fine flower show.

　　當(dāng)主句和從句主語一致時，可省略。如果是主動，就用現(xiàn)在分詞;被動就用過去分詞。

　　a句原句是when the bus is seen from the top of the building, the buses looks small.把從句里的主語和be動詞去掉，就剩seen。

　　B句原句是while we were walking through the park，we saw a fine flower show。把從句中的主語和be動詞去掉，剩walking

　　所以，如是主動從句中就用現(xiàn)在分詞，被動就用過去分詞

　　11. it is no pleasure doing sth.做…沒樂趣

　　it is no fun doing sth做…沒樂趣

　　it is no use doing sth做…沒用

　　it is no good doing sth做…沒好處

　　12. sb think/find it +adj+ to do sth某事發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事…

　　I found it easy to learn English.

　　初高中英語語法知識：直接引語，間接引語

　　I. 三變化

　　a. 人稱變化 I told him, “I don’t agree with you.”

　　I told him that I didn’t agree with him.

　　b. 時態(tài)變化

　　如主句中是一般現(xiàn)在是或?qū)�來時，則間接引語中的時態(tài)不變;如果是過去式，則需做下列變化：

　　一般現(xiàn)在時----一般過去時 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時----過去進(jìn)行時

　　現(xiàn)在完成時----過去完成時 一般過去時----過去完成時

　　一般將來時----過去將來時 過去完成時不變

　　c.指示代詞， this—that; these—those

　　時間狀語，now—then; today----that day; tonight---that night; tomorrow—the next day; yesterday---the day before; next week---the next week

　　地點狀語, here—there

　　及方向性動詞變化,bring—take, come—go

　　II. 直接引語變間接引語“三不變”

　　(1) 客觀真理

　　He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”

　　-------He said that light travels much faster than sound.

　　(2) 直接引語中有明確時間

　　He said, “I was born in 1990 in Beijing.”

　　--------He said that he was born in 1990 in Beijing.

　　(3) 名人名言

　　He said, “Where there is a will, there is a way.”

　　-------He said that where there is a will, there is a way.

　　III. 疑問句

　　(1)一般疑問句中，用whether或if引導(dǎo)，陳述語序，如是said改為asked

　　She said, “Is your father at home?”

　　--------She asked whether/ if my father was at home.

　　(2) 特殊疑問句中，特殊疑問詞+陳述語序

　　My friend asked me, “What do you do every morning?”

　　-------My friend asked me what I did do every morning.

　　(3)祈使句轉(zhuǎn)化為間接引語時，使變成帶to的不定式

　　She said to us, “Please sit down.”-------She told us to sit down.

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