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高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)指導(dǎo)：全面回顧被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的應(yīng)用
一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式
1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本時(shí)態(tài)變化
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)通常為十種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)形式, 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由be＋過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時(shí)態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式為：
1) am/is/are +done (過(guò)去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)
例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and we're ready to start.
3） am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)
例A new cinema is bei
ng built here．
4） was/were done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
5） had been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)
例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.
6） was/were being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)
例A meeting was being held when I was there.
7） shall/will be done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)
例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.
8） should/would be done 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)
例The news would be sent to the soldier's mother as soon as it arrived.
9） shall/will have been done 將來(lái)完成時(shí)（少用）
例The project will have been completed before July.
10） should/would have been done 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)（少用）
例He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.
2. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式
1)帶情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過(guò)去分詞。
例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.
2) 有些動(dòng)詞可以有兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)，在用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，可以把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)，另一賓語(yǔ)仍然保留在謂語(yǔ)后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)的是間接賓語(yǔ)。
例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.
3) 當(dāng)“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，將賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)，其余不動(dòng)。
例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為T(mén)he boy was caught smoking a cigarette.
4）在使役動(dòng)詞have, make, get以及感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)，在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，要加to。
例Someone saw a strange
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