如何診斷人感染了豬流感？中英文對(duì)照閱讀

　　What other examples of swine flu outbreaks are there?

　　Probably the most well known is an outbreak of swine flu among soldiers in Fort Dix, New Jersey in 1976. The virus caused disease with x-ray evidence of pneumonia in at least 4 soldiers and 1 death; all of these patients had previously been healthy. The virus was transmitted to close contacts in a basic training environment, with limited transmission outside the basic training group. The virus is thought to have circulated for a month and disappeared. The source of the virus, the exact time of its introduction into Fort Dix, and factors limiting its spread and duration are unknown. The Fort Dix outbreak may have been caused by introduction of an animal virus into a stressed human population in close contact in crowded facilities during the winter. The swine influenza A virus collected from a Fort Dix soldier was named A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1).

　　Is the H1N1 swine flu virus the same as human H1N1 viruses?

　　No. The H1N1 swine flu viruses are antigenically very different from human H1N1 viruses and, therefore, vaccines for human seasonal flu would not provide protection from H1N1 swine flu viruses.

　　如何診斷人感染了豬流感？

　　如果需要診斷A型豬流感，一般需要收集病人最開(kāi)始4-5天發(fā)病期的呼吸道標(biāo)本，這段時(shí)間是病人最有可能傳播病毒的時(shí)期。但對(duì)某些人(特別是兒童)可能在最開(kāi)始的10天時(shí)間(或者更長(zhǎng))就開(kāi)始傳播病毒。如果需要確認(rèn)A型豬流感病毒，需要將標(biāo)本送至CDC進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢驗(yàn)。

　　感染了豬流感的病人有何治療措施？

　　現(xiàn)在有4種抗病毒藥品被允許在美國(guó)治療流感：金剛烷胺(amantadine)，金剛乙胺（rimantadine），奧塞米韋(oseltamivir)和扎那米韋(zanamivir)。這四種藥品對(duì)大部分豬流感病毒都有效，但最近從人類分離出來(lái)的豬流感病毒對(duì)金剛烷胺和金剛乙胺有抗藥性。因此，CDC建議使用奧塞米韋和扎那米韋來(lái)對(duì)豬流感病毒進(jìn)行治療和/或預(yù)防。

　　還有其他豬流感病毒爆發(fā)的例子嗎？

　　最著名的例子也許是1976年新澤西州迪克斯堡(Fort Dix)在士兵中爆發(fā)的豬流感。X光證據(jù)證實(shí)至少有4名士兵因?yàn)樨i流感病毒而感染肺炎，1名士兵死亡。所有這些病人之前都是健康的。病毒通過(guò)在同一個(gè)基本訓(xùn)練組的士兵之間的近距離接觸進(jìn)行傳播，而在訓(xùn)練組之外的傳播則比較少。該病毒在傳播了一個(gè)月之后消失，而該病毒的來(lái)源，何時(shí)傳入迪克斯堡，以及限制它傳播和存活的因素為何仍然還是個(gè)謎。這次流感的爆發(fā)很可能是由動(dòng)物病毒引起的，并且，高壓力的人群之間的近距離接觸，擁擠的設(shè)施以及在冬季都是它爆發(fā)的原因。從�？怂贡な勘�中提取的A型豬流感病毒被命名為A/New Jersey/76 (Hsw1N1)。

　　H1N1豬流感病毒與H1N1人流感病毒是一樣的嗎？

　　不是。H1N1豬流感病毒在抗原上與人流感病毒非常不一樣，因此，針對(duì)人類季節(jié)性流感的疫苗不會(huì)保護(hù)人免受H1N1豬流感病毒的侵襲。

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