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A person of great determination
教學目標
1．能夠熟練讀寫及運用下面的詞匯：
burst into tears, on board, change one’s mind, take charge, to be honest, envy, tear, scold, argue about, apologize for, shout at sb, ahead of, the rest of…, in that case, burst into, but for…, on the point of…, so long as, upon one's word, leave sb. doing sth.
2．學會運用重點句型
1）I was very disappointed not to be going out.
2）You are obviously a person of great courage.
3）Unless I visit every bookstore in town, I shall not know whether I can get what I want.
4）….so long as it remains above the surface of the sea.
3．理解及運用語法
復習動詞的過去進行時，一般過去時，過去完成時和過去時的被動語態(tài)。
4．掌握及靈活運用交際用語
1）I’m sorry about that.
2）I apologize for being so angry with you.
3）I’m sorry to have done that.
4）I’m afraid (that)….
5）Please excuse me for…
教學建議
教學教法：
這篇文章思想性較強，故事很感人。另外在具體語境中詞匯的用法地道。教師可把教學重點放在課文內(nèi)容理解，具體語境中對重點詞的把握，以及啟發(fā)學生面對逆境的生活態(tài)度。
語法：Tenses （時態(tài)）及被動語態(tài)
Tenses （時態(tài)）
1.過去進行時的用法
1）表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作，往往通過表示某一段時間的狀語或上下文表示。如：
①The teacher was giving a lesson at this time yesterday. 昨天這個時候老師正在上課。
②What were you doing when Mr Li came in? 李先生進來時你在干什么？
2）表示說話人喜悅、不滿、厭煩等感情色彩，往往與always，all the time，very often等狀語連用。如：
①He was smiling all the time. 他一直笑容滿面。
②Tom was always asking me foolish questions.湯姆總是向我提愚蠢的問題。
3）用于故事開頭，描繪故事發(fā)生的背景，常常和一般過去時交替使用。如：
①He looked out of the window. Dark clouds were moving; it was becoming foggy. 他向窗外望去，烏云飄動著，天正變得霧蒙蒙的。
4）表示運動方向的動詞。come，go，start，leave，stay等的過去進行時可以表示從過去看即將發(fā)生的行為（即過去將來時）。如：
①He said he was staying here for another week. 他說他將在此再呆一周。
②I wanted to know when you were leaving for Beijing. 我想知道你何時動身上北京。
▲過去進行時表示過去某時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作，強調(diào)動作的進行或展開的情景，而一般過去時通常表示過去發(fā)生的一個事實。如：
①Last night Mary wrote a letter to her mother.
昨晚瑪麗給她媽媽寫了信。（表示寫信這個事實，信已寫好）
②Last night Mary was writing a letter to her mother.
昨晚瑪麗一直在給媽媽寫信。（強調(diào)動作情景，不一定寫完信）
2．過去完成時的用法
過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或行為之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作（過去的過去）或從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。
1）用介詞by表示在過去某個時刻之前或到過去某個時刻為止的意思，用介詞before表示在……之前。如：
①By the end of last term we had learned five English songs.
到上學期末我們學會五首英語歌曲。
②By the time he left school he had studied French（for）two years.
到他輟學時他已學了兩年法語。
③He had come to Europe before the outbreak of the war.他在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前來到歐洲。
2）常用于由before，after，when，until等連詞引導的時間狀語從句，because等引導的原因狀語從句，as等引導的方式狀語從句的復合句中，當強調(diào)主句的行為和狀語從句的行為先后時，先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去時。如：
①I had mended the TV set before my brother returned.我兄弟回來之前我修好了電視機。
②I didn't go to the movie“The Gold Rush”because I had seen it twice.
我沒去看電影“淘金熱”，因為這部片子我已看過兩遍。
3）在含有賓語從句的復合句中當主句謂語動同為said，asked，answered等時，從句謂語動詞表示在這以前完成的動作，要用過去完成時。如：
①I remembered that I went out after I had closed the door.我記得自己是在關(guān)上門后才出去的。
4）表示過去某一時刻延續(xù)到過去另一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，常和for構(gòu)成的介詞短語以及since構(gòu)成的介詞短語或時間狀語從句連用。如：
①Mr Smith had lived there alone（for）two years.史密斯先生獨自在那兒居住兩年。
被動語態(tài)的復習
有關(guān)被動語態(tài)的幾種基本句型，這里就不贅述了，在此說明被動語態(tài)需注意的幾點：
1.動詞feel, look, smell, sound, taste, cut, open, read, sell, shut, wear, write 等的主動形式表示被動含義。
The book written by that famous writer is selling very well.
那些名作家寫的書非常暢銷。（實際是“被”賣的）
2.動詞need, want, require 后的動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義。如：
These flowers need / want / require watering. (含“被”澆水)這些花需要澆水。
be worth后的動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義。
This book is well worth reading.這本書值得一讀。（實際是“被”讀）
3.一些動詞的賓語補足語，主動式時不用to, 被動式要帶to。這些動詞有feel, smell, see, notice。watch, hear, taste, have, make等。如：
People often saw him enter that shop.人們經(jīng)常看見他進入那個商店。
4.作及物動詞用的短語動詞的被動語態(tài)須保持其完整性。
(1) 動詞+介詞
We must send for the doctor at once.----The doctor must be sent for at once.
必須立即派人去請醫(yī)生
（2）動詞+名詞+介詞
They are taking good care of the children.----The children are being taken good care of by them
孩子們正受他們很好的照顧。
(3)動詞+副詞+介詞
People looked down upon women in the past. Women were looked down upon by people in the past. 過去婦女被人瞧不起（輕視）。
語法練習
1. ( 1998NMET>Shirley ________ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
分析：考查進行時態(tài)的特性之一——未完成性。從題干but I don’t know whether she has finished it這一信息句可知，該題應填過去進行時，表明去年Shirley寫著一本關(guān)于中國的書，該書沒寫完，A、C項時態(tài)與本句所用的時間狀語不符，B項表明書已在去年寫完，與本文不符，故排除。答案是D。
2. (1996NMET) Helen ________ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________ home.
A. has left, comes B. left, had come
C. had left, came D. had left, would come
分析：句意是“海倫不得不等她丈夫回家，因為她將鑰匙忘在辦公室了”。很顯然，leave 的動作發(fā)生在的wait之前，應用過去完成時；而第二分句中的主句為一般過去時，其從句是時間狀語從句也應用過去時。答案為C。
3. (1995NMET)—_______ the sports meet might be put off.
—Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I've been told B. I've told C. I'm told D.I told
分析：從it all depends on the weather 一句的時態(tài)和所告知的內(nèi)容可以斷定，應該用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動形式。答案為A。
4. (1998NMET)My brother ________ while he ________ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding
C. had fallen, road D. had fallen, was riding
分析：while he was riding his bicycle 表示在My brother 正騎自行車的時候，即動作的一瞬間。該題的and hurt himself 具有一定的迷惑性。有學生把hurt and rode 當成并列成分而誤選C為正確答案。而實際上hurt 同fell才是并列關(guān)系。答案為A。
5. (1997NMET)1 first met Lisa three years ago. She ________ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
分析：從信息句three years ago, 可推斷是過去時，再由at the time判斷該空應填過去進行時。答案為B。
1．辨析in surprise 與by surprise, to one’s surprise:
三者都為“驚奇地”意思，但有區(qū)別：
in surprise表示“驚奇地”意思，可作狀語或表語。
I was in surprise when she told me that she was an orphan. 她告訴我她是孤兒，我感到詫異。
He asked me in surprise, “how did you get the news? ” 他驚奇地問我“你是怎么得到這個消息的？”
by surprise 只作狀語，表示“冷不防地”，常與take, get, seize等動作連用。
The policeman took the thief by surprise as he opened the window. 警察趁小偷打開窗戶時，出其不意地把他逮住了。
The castle was taken by surprise. 這座城堡被奇襲攻陷。
To one’s surprise 在句中作表感情的結(jié)果狀語。
To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days. 使我吃驚的是，他竟在幾天內(nèi)完成這一任務。
To her great surprise, they are so alike that almost nobody can tell one from the other. 使她感到非常吃驚的是，他們長得如此相像，以致于幾乎沒有人能把他們區(qū)開。
2．辨析ahead 與ahead of .
兩者都為“在前面”，但有差別。
ahead 作形容詞和副詞，用作表語、補語或狀語，表示“在前頭”。
The tasks for the period ahead are waiting for us to do. 今后的任務還在等著我們?nèi)プ觥?/p>
The school is two kilometers ahead. 學校在前面兩公里的地方。
ahead of 是介詞短語。表示地點位置時，是在“前面”，還可表示“處于領先”
或“早于，先于”。
He studies very hard, because he wants to stay ahead of his classmates. 他學習非常努力，因為他要領先于全班同學。
All the factories in our city have fulfilled their production quota ahead of time. 本市所有的工廠都已經(jīng)提前完成了生產(chǎn)定額。
4．辨析nearly和almost
1）almost和nearly在用法上既有相同之處，也有不同點。在單純表示“時間、程度、進度”時，almost=nearly。例如：
The building is almost completed.The building is nearly completed.這座大樓幾乎要峻工了。
第一句比第二句更接近于完成。
2）在具體數(shù)字前面常用nearly。例如：
The river is nearly 100 metres wide.這條河大約是100米寬。
3）almost可與no，nothing，none，never等連用，此時不能nearly代替。
Almost no one believed him.幾乎無人相信他的話。
There’s almost none left.幾乎一個沒剩。
5．辨析except,besides, except for,except,but
1）except表示“除……之外”，含有排他的涵義；besides表示“除……之外還有……”，有“附加”的涵義。如：
He gets up early every day except Sunday.他每天早起，除了星期天例外。
He answered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一題，他回答了所有的問題。
2）except for 和except不同之處是：前者“除開”的部分和論述的部分通常不是同一類事物，而后者則為同一類事物。試比較：
This article is easy to understand except for some idiomatic expressions.
這篇文章除了幾處習慣用語外，是很容易懂的。
Except this one, the other articles are easy to understand.除了這篇文章，其他的文章都好懂得。
3）except for含有“除……之外，其他都……”，“如果沒有……那就”這樣一層意思，而except單純指“除……之外”。多用在發(fā)表“評論”的場合
4）介詞but與except同義，意為“除……之外”（not including），常放在any，every，no以及含有這些詞的復合不定代詞如anybody，anyone，anything，anywhere， everybody，everyone，everything，everywhere，nobody，nothing，nowhere和no one，none，all等詞后。例如：
He has nothing in the handbag but a copy of dictionary.
他手提包里沒有別的什么，只有一本字典。
6.asleep，sleeping
這兩個詞都表示“入睡”、“睡著”的意思，但用法各異，主要區(qū)別有以下幾點：
（一）asleep是表語形容詞，它不能放在名詞之前，例如我們不可以說：Look at the asleep baby，應把asleep改為sleeping。例：
She was fast asleep；I couldn't wake her up．她睡得很熟，我喊不醒她。
The old man has fallen asleep．那個老人睡著了。
請注意，be asleep是指“睡著”的狀態(tài)，如果表示“入睡”的意味，就要用fall asleep。上面兩個例句反映了這個區(qū)別。
（二）sleeping 是定語形容詞，它放在它所修飾的名詞之前，如the sleeping baby。如果放在 verb“to be”之后（He is sleeping），sleeping不是形容詞，而是動詞，is sleeping 是現(xiàn)在進行時。例：
Who is that sleeping man？ 那個在睡覺的人是誰？
Keep an eye on the sleeping baby．照看好那個在睡覺的嬰孩。
Let sleeping dogs lie． 莫惹事生非。
Sleeping有一近義詞，即sleepy。sleepy既可作表語，又可作定語。作表語時，義：“困倦”、“想睡覺”，用作定語時，義：“貪睡”、“寂靜的”。例：
The children fell sleepy；put them to bed．孩子們困了，把他們放到床上睡吧。
Here are the outskirts/suburbs of Kowloon．Do you like this sleepy valley？
這里是九龍的郊區(qū)。你喜歡這寂靜的山谷嗎？
7.as well as，as well
作為習語用作介詞時，as well as的涵義是“還有”、“不但…而且…”。值得注意的是，在A as well as B的結(jié)構(gòu)里，語意的重點在 A，不在 B。因此，“He can speak Spanish as well as English．”的譯文應該是：“他不但會說英語，而且會講西班牙語”，決不能譯作：“他不但會說西班牙語，而且會講英語”。如果這樣翻譯，就是本末倒置了。as well as和 not only… but also…同義，但前者的語意重點和后者的語意重點恰好顛倒。
如果 as well as用作連詞引出比較從句，其義為“和…一樣好”。因此，“He speaks Spanish as well as English．”應譯作：“他說西班牙語像說英語一樣好”。語意的重點依舊在前部，不在后半部。
請注意 as well as以下的用法：
She called on you as well as I． 不但我來看你，她也拜訪了你。
She called on you as well as me． 她不但拜訪了我，也拜訪了你。
在下列句中，as well as表示“像…一樣”的涵義：
She as well as you is an English teacher． 她像你一樣也是英文教師。
這里的謂語動詞用is，不用are，因為句中的主語是she，不是she和you。
As well是副詞短語，其義為“也”，相當于too，它一般放在句末，有時和連詞and或but搭配使用。例：
He is a worker，and a poet as well．他是工人，但也是詩人。
China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well．
中國擁有大量煤炭，其他的礦藏也很豐富。
Mr．Liu can speak English，but he can speak Cantonese as well．
劉先生會說英語，但他也能講廣東話。
詞語辨析：
辨析in surprise 與by surprise, to one’s surprise:
三者都為“驚奇地”意思，但有區(qū)別：
in surprise表示“驚奇地”意思，可作狀語或表語。
I was in surprise when she told me that she was an orphan. 她告訴我她是孤兒，我感到詫異。
He asked me in surprise, “how did you get the news? ” 他驚奇地問我“你是怎么得到這個消息的？”
by surprise 只作狀語，表示“冷不防地”，常與take, get, seize等動作連用。
The policeman took the thief by surprise as he opened the window. 警察趁小偷打開窗戶時，出其不意地把他逮住了。
The castle was taken by surprise. 這座城堡被奇襲攻陷。
To one’s surprise 在句中作表感情的結(jié)果狀語。
To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days. 使我吃驚的是，他竟在幾天內(nèi)完成這一任務。
To her great surprise, they are so alike that almost nobody can tell one from the other. 使她感到非常吃驚的是，他們長得如此相像，以致于幾乎沒有人能把他們區(qū)開。
2．辨析ahead 與ahead of .
兩者都為“在前面”，但有差別。
ahead 作形容詞和副詞，用作表語、補語或狀語，表示“在前頭”。
The tasks for the period ahead are waiting for us to do. 今后的任務還在等著我們?nèi)プ觥?/p>
The school is two kilometers ahead. 學校在前面兩公里的地方。
ahead of 是介詞短語。表示地點位置時，是在“前面”，還可表示“處于領先”
或“早于，先于”。
He studies very hard, because he wants to stay ahead of his classmates. 他學習非常努力，因為他要領先于全班同學。
All the factories in our city have fulfilled their production quota ahead of time. 本市所有的工廠都已經(jīng)提前完成了生產(chǎn)定額。
4．辨析nearly和almost
1）almost和nearly在用法上既有相同之處，也有不同點。在單純表示“時間、程度、進度”時，almost=nearly。例如：
The building is almost completed.The building is nearly completed.這座大樓幾乎要峻工了。
第一句比第二句更接近于完成。
2）在具體數(shù)字前面常用nearly。例如：
The river is nearly 100 metres wide.這條河大約是100米寬。
3）almost可與no，nothing，none，never等連用，此時不能nearly代替。
Almost no one believed him.幾乎無人相信他的話。
There’s almost none left.幾乎一個沒剩。
5．辨析except,besides, except for,except,but
1）except表示“除……之外”，含有排他的涵義；besides表示“除……之外還有……”，有“附加”的涵義。如：
He gets up early every day except Sunday.他每天早起，除了星期天例外。
He answered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一題，他回答了所有的問題。
2）except for 和except不同之處是：前者“除開”的部分和論述的部分通常不是同一類事物，而后者則為同一類事物。試比較：
This article is easy to understand except for some idiomatic expressions.
這篇文章除了幾處習慣用語外，是很容易懂的。
Except this one, the other articles are easy to understand.除了這篇文章，其他的文章都好懂得。
3）except for含有“除……之外，其他都……”，“如果沒有……那就”這樣一層意思，而except單純指“除……之外”。多用在發(fā)表“評論”的場合
4）介詞but與except同義，意為“除……之外”（not including），常放在any，every，no以及含有這些詞的復合不定代詞如anybody，anyone，anything，anywhere， everybody，everyone，everything，everywhere，nobody，nothing，nowhere和no one，none，all等詞后。例如：
He has nothing in the handbag but a copy of dictionary.
他手提包里沒有別的什么，只有一本字典。
6.asleep，sleeping
這兩個詞都表示“入睡”、“睡著”的意思，但用法各異，主要區(qū)別有以下幾點：
（一）asleep是表語形容詞，它不能放在名詞之前，例如我們不可以說：Look at the asleep baby，應把asleep改為sleeping。例：
She was fast asleep；I couldn't wake her up．她睡得很熟，我喊不醒她。
The old man has fallen asleep．那個老人睡著了。
請注意，be asleep是指“睡著”的狀態(tài)，如果表示“入睡”的意味，就要用fall asleep。上面兩個例句反映了這個區(qū)別。
（二）sleeping 是定語形容詞，它放在它所修飾的名詞之前，如the sleeping baby。如果放在 verb“to be”之后（He is sleeping），sleeping不是形容詞，而是動詞，is sleeping 是現(xiàn)在進行時。例：
Who is that sleeping man？ 那個在睡覺的人是誰？
Keep an eye on the sleeping baby．照看好那個在睡覺的嬰孩。
Let sleeping dogs lie． 莫惹事生非。
Sleeping有一近義詞，即sleepy。sleepy既可作表語，又可作定語。作表語時，義：“困倦”、“想睡覺”，用作定語時，義：“貪睡”、“寂靜的”。例：
The children fell sleepy；put them to bed．孩子們困了，把他們放到床上睡吧。
Here are the outskirts/suburbs of Kowloon．Do you like this sleepy valley？
這里是九龍的郊區(qū)。你喜歡這寂靜的山谷嗎？
7.as well as，as well
作為習語用作介詞時，as well as的涵義是“還有”、“不但…而且…”。值得注意的是，在A as well as B的結(jié)構(gòu)里，語意的重點在 A，不在 B。因此，“He can speak Spanish as well as English．”的譯文應該是：“他不但會說英語，而且會講西班牙語”，決不能譯作：“他不但會說西班牙語，而且會講英語”。如果這樣翻譯，就是本末倒置了。as well as和 not only… but also…同義，但前者的語意重點和后者的語意重點恰好顛倒。
如果 as well as用作連詞引出比較從句，其義為“和…一樣好”。因此，“He speaks Spanish as well as English．”應譯作：“他說西班牙語像說英語一樣好”。語意的重點依舊在前部，不在后半部。
請注意 as well as以下的用法：
She called on you as well as I． 不但我來看你，她也拜訪了你。
She called on you as well as me． 她不但拜訪了我，也拜訪了你。
在下列句中，as well as表示“像…一樣”的涵義：
She as well as you is an English teacher． 她像你一樣也是英文教師。
這里的謂語動詞用is，不用are，因為句中的主語是she，不是she和you。
As well是副詞短語，其義為“也”，相當于too，它一般放在句末，有時和連詞and或but搭配使用。例：
He is a worker，and a poet as well．他是工人，但也是詩人。
China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well．
中國擁有大量煤炭，其他的礦藏也很豐富。
Mr．Liu can speak English，but he can speak Cantonese as well．
劉先生會說英語，但他也能講廣東話。
教學目標
1．能夠熟練讀寫及運用下面的詞匯：
burst into tears, on board, change one’s mind, take charge, to be honest, envy, tear, scold, argue about, apologize for, shout at sb, ahead of, the rest of…, in that case, burst into, but for…, on the point of…, so long as, upon one's word, leave sb. doing sth.
2．學會運用重點句型
1）I was very disappointed not to be going out.
2）You are obviously a person of great courage.
3）Unless I visit every bookstore in town, I shall not know whether I can get what I want.
4）….so long as it remains above the surface of the sea.
3．理解及運用語法
復習動詞的過去進行時，一般過去時，過去完成時和過去時的被動語態(tài)。
4．掌握及靈活運用交際用語
1）I’m sorry about that.
2）I apologize for being so angry with you.
3）I’m sorry to have done that.
4）I’m afraid (that)….
5）Please excuse me for…
教學建議
教學教法：
這篇文章思想性較強，故事很感人。另外在具體語境中詞匯的用法地道。教師可把教學重點放在課文內(nèi)容理解，具體語境中對重點詞的把握，以及啟發(fā)學生面對逆境的生活態(tài)度。
語法：Tenses （時態(tài)）及被動語態(tài)
Tenses （時態(tài)）
1.過去進行時的用法
1）表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間正在進行的動作，往往通過表示某一段時間的狀語或上下文表示。如：
①The teacher was giving a lesson at this time yesterday. 昨天這個時候老師正在上課。
②What were you doing when Mr Li came in? 李先生進來時你在干什么？
2）表示說話人喜悅、不滿、厭煩等感情色彩，往往與always，all the time，very often等狀語連用。如：
①He was smiling all the time. 他一直笑容滿面。
②Tom was always asking me foolish questions.湯姆總是向我提愚蠢的問題。
3）用于故事開頭，描繪故事發(fā)生的背景，常常和一般過去時交替使用。如：
①He looked out of the window. Dark clouds were moving; it was becoming foggy. 他向窗外望去，烏云飄動著，天正變得霧蒙蒙的。
4）表示運動方向的動詞。come，go，start，leave，stay等的過去進行時可以表示從過去看即將發(fā)生的行為（即過去將來時）。如：
①He said he was staying here for another week. 他說他將在此再呆一周。
②I wanted to know when you were leaving for Beijing. 我想知道你何時動身上北京。
▲過去進行時表示過去某時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作，強調(diào)動作的進行或展開的情景，而一般過去時通常表示過去發(fā)生的一個事實。如：
①Last night Mary wrote a letter to her mother.
昨晚瑪麗給她媽媽寫了信。（表示寫信這個事實，信已寫好）
②Last night Mary was writing a letter to her mother.
昨晚瑪麗一直在給媽媽寫信。（強調(diào)動作情景，不一定寫完信）
2．過去完成時的用法
過去完成時表示在過去某一時間或行為之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動作（過去的過去）或從過去某一時刻開始一直延續(xù)到過去另一時間的動作或狀態(tài)。
1）用介詞by表示在過去某個時刻之前或到過去某個時刻為止的意思，用介詞before表示在……之前。如：
①By the end of last term we had learned five English songs.
到上學期末我們學會五首英語歌曲。
②By the time he left school he had studied French（for）two years.
到他輟學時他已學了兩年法語。
③He had come to Europe before the outbreak of the war.他在戰(zhàn)爭爆發(fā)前來到歐洲。
2）常用于由before，after，when，until等連詞引導的時間狀語從句，because等引導的原因狀語從句，as等引導的方式狀語從句的復合句中，當強調(diào)主句的行為和狀語從句的行為先后時，先發(fā)生的動作用過去完成時，后發(fā)生的動作用一般過去時。如：
①I had mended the TV set before my brother returned.我兄弟回來之前我修好了電視機。
②I didn't go to the movie“The Gold Rush”because I had seen it twice.
我沒去看電影“淘金熱”，因為這部片子我已看過兩遍。
3）在含有賓語從句的復合句中當主句謂語動同為said，asked，answered等時，從句謂語動詞表示在這以前完成的動作，要用過去完成時。如：
①I remembered that I went out after I had closed the door.我記得自己是在關(guān)上門后才出去的。
4）表示過去某一時刻延續(xù)到過去另一時刻的動作或狀態(tài)，常和for構(gòu)成的介詞短語以及since構(gòu)成的介詞短語或時間狀語從句連用。如：
①Mr Smith had lived there alone（for）two years.史密斯先生獨自在那兒居住兩年。
被動語態(tài)的復習
有關(guān)被動語態(tài)的幾種基本句型，這里就不贅述了，在此說明被動語態(tài)需注意的幾點：
1.動詞feel, look, smell, sound, taste, cut, open, read, sell, shut, wear, write 等的主動形式表示被動含義。
The book written by that famous writer is selling very well.
那些名作家寫的書非常暢銷。（實際是“被”賣的）
2.動詞need, want, require 后的動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義。如：
These flowers need / want / require watering. (含“被”澆水)這些花需要澆水。
be worth后的動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義。
This book is well worth reading.這本書值得一讀。（實際是“被”讀）
3.一些動詞的賓語補足語，主動式時不用to, 被動式要帶to。這些動詞有feel, smell, see, notice。watch, hear, taste, have, make等。如：
People often saw him enter that shop.人們經(jīng)�？匆娝M入那個商店。
4.作及物動詞用的短語動詞的被動語態(tài)須保持其完整性。
(1) 動詞+介詞
We must send for the doctor at once.----The doctor must be sent for at once.
必須立即派人去請醫(yī)生
（2）動詞+名詞+介詞
They are taking good care of the children.----The children are being taken good care of by them
孩子們正受他們很好的照顧。
(3)動詞+副詞+介詞
People looked down upon women in the past. Women were looked down upon by people in the past. 過去婦女被人瞧不起（輕視）。
語法練習
1. ( 1998NMET>Shirley ________ a book about China last year but I don't know whether she has finished it.
A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing
分析：考查進行時態(tài)的特性之一——未完成性。從題干but I don’t know whether she has finished it這一信息句可知，該題應填過去進行時，表明去年Shirley寫著一本關(guān)于中國的書，該書沒寫完，A、C項時態(tài)與本句所用的時間狀語不符，B項表明書已在去年寫完，與本文不符，故排除。答案是D。
2. (1996NMET) Helen ________ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband ________ home.
A. has left, comes B. left, had come
C. had left, came D. had left, would come
分析：句意是“海倫不得不等她丈夫回家，因為她將鑰匙忘在辦公室了”。很顯然，leave 的動作發(fā)生在的wait之前，應用過去完成時；而第二分句中的主句為一般過去時，其從句是時間狀語從句也應用過去時。答案為C。
3. (1995NMET)—_______ the sports meet might be put off.
—Yes, it all depends on the weather.
A. I've been told B. I've told C. I'm told D.I told
分析：從it all depends on the weather 一句的時態(tài)和所告知的內(nèi)容可以斷定，應該用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動形式。答案為A。
4. (1998NMET)My brother ________ while he ________ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell, was riding B. fell, were riding
C. had fallen, road D. had fallen, was riding
分析：while he was riding his bicycle 表示在My brother 正騎自行車的時候，即動作的一瞬間。該題的and hurt himself 具有一定的迷惑性。有學生把hurt and rode 當成并列成分而誤選C為正確答案。而實際上hurt 同fell才是并列關(guān)系。答案為A。
5. (1997NMET)1 first met Lisa three years ago. She ________ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked B. was working
C. had been working D. had worked
分析：從信息句three years ago, 可推斷是過去時，再由at the time判斷該空應填過去進行時。答案為B。
1．辨析in surprise 與by surprise, to one’s surprise:
三者都為“驚奇地”意思，但有區(qū)別：
in surprise表示“驚奇地”意思，可作狀語或表語。
I was in surprise when she told me that she was an orphan. 她告訴我她是孤兒，我感到詫異。
He asked me in surprise, “how did you get the news? ” 他驚奇地問我“你是怎么得到這個消息的？”
by surprise 只作狀語，表示“冷不防地”，常與take, get, seize等動作連用。
The policeman took the thief by surprise as he opened the window. 警察趁小偷打開窗戶時，出其不意地把他逮住了。
The castle was taken by surprise. 這座城堡被奇襲攻陷。
To one’s surprise 在句中作表感情的結(jié)果狀語。
To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days. 使我吃驚的是，他竟在幾天內(nèi)完成這一任務。
To her great surprise, they are so alike that almost nobody can tell one from the other. 使她感到非常吃驚的是，他們長得如此相像，以致于幾乎沒有人能把他們區(qū)開。
2．辨析ahead 與ahead of .
兩者都為“在前面”，但有差別。
ahead 作形容詞和副詞，用作表語、補語或狀語，表示“在前頭”。
The tasks for the period ahead are waiting for us to do. 今后的任務還在等著我們?nèi)プ觥?/p>
The school is two kilometers ahead. 學校在前面兩公里的地方。
ahead of 是介詞短語。表示地點位置時，是在“前面”，還可表示“處于領先”
或“早于，先于”。
He studies very hard, because he wants to stay ahead of his classmates. 他學習非常努力，因為他要領先于全班同學。
All the factories in our city have fulfilled their production quota ahead of time. 本市所有的工廠都已經(jīng)提前完成了生產(chǎn)定額。
4．辨析nearly和almost
1）almost和nearly在用法上既有相同之處，也有不同點。在單純表示“時間、程度、進度”時，almost=nearly。例如：
The building is almost completed.The building is nearly completed.這座大樓幾乎要峻工了。
第一句比第二句更接近于完成。
2）在具體數(shù)字前面常用nearly。例如：
The river is nearly 100 metres wide.這條河大約是100米寬。
3）almost可與no，nothing，none，never等連用，此時不能nearly代替。
Almost no one believed him.幾乎無人相信他的話。
There’s almost none left.幾乎一個沒剩。
5．辨析except,besides, except for,except,but
1）except表示“除……之外”，含有排他的涵義；besides表示“除……之外還有……”，有“附加”的涵義。如：
He gets up early every day except Sunday.他每天早起，除了星期天例外。
He answered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一題，他回答了所有的問題。
2）except for 和except不同之處是：前者“除開”的部分和論述的部分通常不是同一類事物，而后者則為同一類事物。試比較：
This article is easy to understand except for some idiomatic expressions.
這篇文章除了幾處習慣用語外，是很容易懂的。
Except this one, the other articles are easy to understand.除了這篇文章，其他的文章都好懂得。
3）except for含有“除……之外，其他都……”，“如果沒有……那就”這樣一層意思，而except單純指“除……之外”。多用在發(fā)表“評論”的場合
4）介詞but與except同義，意為“除……之外”（not including），常放在any，every，no以及含有這些詞的復合不定代詞如anybody，anyone，anything，anywhere， everybody，everyone，everything，everywhere，nobody，nothing，nowhere和no one，none，all等詞后。例如：
He has nothing in the handbag but a copy of dictionary.
他手提包里沒有別的什么，只有一本字典。
6.asleep，sleeping
這兩個詞都表示“入睡”、“睡著”的意思，但用法各異，主要區(qū)別有以下幾點：
（一）asleep是表語形容詞，它不能放在名詞之前，例如我們不可以說：Look at the asleep baby，應把asleep改為sleeping。例：
She was fast asleep；I couldn't wake her up．她睡得很熟，我喊不醒她。
The old man has fallen asleep．那個老人睡著了。
請注意，be asleep是指“睡著”的狀態(tài)，如果表示“入睡”的意味，就要用fall asleep。上面兩個例句反映了這個區(qū)別。
（二）sleeping 是定語形容詞，它放在它所修飾的名詞之前，如the sleeping baby。如果放在 verb“to be”之后（He is sleeping），sleeping不是形容詞，而是動詞，is sleeping 是現(xiàn)在進行時。例：
Who is that sleeping man？ 那個在睡覺的人是誰？
Keep an eye on the sleeping baby．照看好那個在睡覺的嬰孩。
Let sleeping dogs lie． 莫惹事生非。
Sleeping有一近義詞，即sleepy。sleepy既可作表語，又可作定語。作表語時，義：“困倦”、“想睡覺”，用作定語時，義：“貪睡”、“寂靜的”。例：
The children fell sleepy；put them to bed．孩子們困了，把他們放到床上睡吧。
Here are the outskirts/suburbs of Kowloon．Do you like this sleepy valley？
這里是九龍的郊區(qū)。你喜歡這寂靜的山谷嗎？
7.as well as，as well
作為習語用作介詞時，as well as的涵義是“還有”、“不但…而且…”。值得注意的是，在A as well as B的結(jié)構(gòu)里，語意的重點在 A，不在 B。因此，“He can speak Spanish as well as English．”的譯文應該是：“他不但會說英語，而且會講西班牙語”，決不能譯作：“他不但會說西班牙語，而且會講英語”。如果這樣翻譯，就是本末倒置了。as well as和 not only… but also…同義，但前者的語意重點和后者的語意重點恰好顛倒。
如果 as well as用作連詞引出比較從句，其義為“和…一樣好”。因此，“He speaks Spanish as well as English．”應譯作：“他說西班牙語像說英語一樣好”。語意的重點依舊在前部，不在后半部。
請注意 as well as以下的用法：
She called on you as well as I． 不但我來看你，她也拜訪了你。
She called on you as well as me． 她不但拜訪了我，也拜訪了你。
在下列句中，as well as表示“像…一樣”的涵義：
She as well as you is an English teacher． 她像你一樣也是英文教師。
這里的謂語動詞用is，不用are，因為句中的主語是she，不是she和you。
As well是副詞短語，其義為“也”，相當于too，它一般放在句末，有時和連詞and或but搭配使用。例：
He is a worker，and a poet as well．他是工人，但也是詩人。
China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well．
中國擁有大量煤炭，其他的礦藏也很豐富。
Mr．Liu can speak English，but he can speak Cantonese as well．
劉先生會說英語，但他也能講廣東話。
詞語辨析：
辨析in surprise 與by surprise, to one’s surprise:
三者都為“驚奇地”意思，但有區(qū)別：
in surprise表示“驚奇地”意思，可作狀語或表語。
I was in surprise when she told me that she was an orphan. 她告訴我她是孤兒，我感到詫異。
He asked me in surprise, “how did you get the news? ” 他驚奇地問我“你是怎么得到這個消息的？”
by surprise 只作狀語，表示“冷不防地”，常與take, get, seize等動作連用。
The policeman took the thief by surprise as he opened the window. 警察趁小偷打開窗戶時，出其不意地把他逮住了。
The castle was taken by surprise. 這座城堡被奇襲攻陷。
To one’s surprise 在句中作表感情的結(jié)果狀語。
To my surprise, he finished the task only in a few days. 使我吃驚的是，他竟在幾天內(nèi)完成這一任務。
To her great surprise, they are so alike that almost nobody can tell one from the other. 使她感到非常吃驚的是，他們長得如此相像，以致于幾乎沒有人能把他們區(qū)開。
2．辨析ahead 與ahead of .
兩者都為“在前面”，但有差別。
ahead 作形容詞和副詞，用作表語、補語或狀語，表示“在前頭”。
The tasks for the period ahead are waiting for us to do. 今后的任務還在等著我們?nèi)プ觥?/p>
The school is two kilometers ahead. 學校在前面兩公里的地方。
ahead of 是介詞短語。表示地點位置時，是在“前面”，還可表示“處于領先”
或“早于，先于”。
He studies very hard, because he wants to stay ahead of his classmates. 他學習非常努力，因為他要領先于全班同學。
All the factories in our city have fulfilled their production quota ahead of time. 本市所有的工廠都已經(jīng)提前完成了生產(chǎn)定額。
4．辨析nearly和almost
1）almost和nearly在用法上既有相同之處，也有不同點。在單純表示“時間、程度、進度”時，almost=nearly。例如：
The building is almost completed.The building is nearly completed.這座大樓幾乎要峻工了。
第一句比第二句更接近于完成。
2）在具體數(shù)字前面常用nearly。例如：
The river is nearly 100 metres wide.這條河大約是100米寬。
3）almost可與no，nothing，none，never等連用，此時不能nearly代替。
Almost no one believed him.幾乎無人相信他的話。
There’s almost none left.幾乎一個沒剩。
5．辨析except,besides, except for,except,but
1）except表示“除……之外”，含有排他的涵義；besides表示“除……之外還有……”，有“附加”的涵義。如：
He gets up early every day except Sunday.他每天早起，除了星期天例外。
He answered all the questions except the last one.除了最后一題，他回答了所有的問題。
2）except for 和except不同之處是：前者“除開”的部分和論述的部分通常不是同一類事物，而后者則為同一類事物。試比較：
This article is easy to understand except for some idiomatic expressions.
這篇文章除了幾處習慣用語外，是很容易懂的。
Except this one, the other articles are easy to understand.除了這篇文章，其他的文章都好懂得。
3）except for含有“除……之外，其他都……”，“如果沒有……那就”這樣一層意思，而except單純指“除……之外”。多用在發(fā)表“評論”的場合
4）介詞but與except同義，意為“除……之外”（not including），常放在any，every，no以及含有這些詞的復合不定代詞如anybody，anyone，anything，anywhere， everybody，everyone，everything，everywhere，nobody，nothing，nowhere和no one，none，all等詞后。例如：
He has nothing in the handbag but a copy of dictionary.
他手提包里沒有別的什么，只有一本字典。
6.asleep，sleeping
這兩個詞都表示“入睡”、“睡著”的意思，但用法各異，主要區(qū)別有以下幾點：
（一）asleep是表語形容詞，它不能放在名詞之前，例如我們不可以說：Look at the asleep baby，應把asleep改為sleeping。例：
She was fast asleep；I couldn't wake her up．她睡得很熟，我喊不醒她。
The old man has fallen asleep．那個老人睡著了。
請注意，be asleep是指“睡著”的狀態(tài)，如果表示“入睡”的意味，就要用fall asleep。上面兩個例句反映了這個區(qū)別。
（二）sleeping 是定語形容詞，它放在它所修飾的名詞之前，如the sleeping baby。如果放在 verb“to be”之后（He is sleeping），sleeping不是形容詞，而是動詞，is sleeping 是現(xiàn)在進行時。例：
Who is that sleeping man？ 那個在睡覺的人是誰？
Keep an eye on the sleeping baby．照看好那個在睡覺的嬰孩。
Let sleeping dogs lie． 莫惹事生非。
Sleeping有一近義詞，即sleepy。sleepy既可作表語，又可作定語。作表語時，義：“困倦”、“想睡覺”，用作定語時，義：“貪睡”、“寂靜的”。例：
The children fell sleepy；put them to bed．孩子們困了，把他們放到床上睡吧。
Here are the outskirts/suburbs of Kowloon．Do you like this sleepy valley？
這里是九龍的郊區(qū)。你喜歡這寂靜的山谷嗎？
7.as well as，as well
作為習語用作介詞時，as well as的涵義是“還有”、“不但…而且…”。值得注意的是，在A as well as B的結(jié)構(gòu)里，語意的重點在 A，不在 B。因此，“He can speak Spanish as well as English．”的譯文應該是：“他不但會說英語，而且會講西班牙語”，決不能譯作：“他不但會說西班牙語，而且會講英語”。如果這樣翻譯，就是本末倒置了。as well as和 not only… but also…同義，但前者的語意重點和后者的語意重點恰好顛倒。
如果 as well as用作連詞引出比較從句，其義為“和…一樣好”。因此，“He speaks Spanish as well as English．”應譯作：“他說西班牙語像說英語一樣好”。語意的重點依舊在前部，不在后半部。
請注意 as well as以下的用法：
She called on you as well as I． 不但我來看你，她也拜訪了你。
She called on you as well as me． 她不但拜訪了我，也拜訪了你。
在下列句中，as well as表示“像…一樣”的涵義：
She as well as you is an English teacher． 她像你一樣也是英文教師。
這里的謂語動詞用is，不用are，因為句中的主語是she，不是she和you。
As well是副詞短語，其義為“也”，相當于too，它一般放在句末，有時和連詞and或but搭配使用。例：
He is a worker，and a poet as well．他是工人，但也是詩人。
China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well．
中國擁有大量煤炭，其他的礦藏也很豐富。
Mr．Liu can speak English，but he can speak Cantonese as well．
劉先生會說英語，但他也能講廣東話。
Lesson30教學設計方案
StepI.Introduction:
We’ve learned Madame Curie.I think she is a person of great determination.She would have gained nothing without the determination.Today we will learn an interesting story about a boy who had a great determination.
StepII.Fast reading:(Give the Ss 5 minutes to search for the answers)
1.What was the boy looking for and what was the problem?
2.How did the bookseller and the writer each offer to help the boy?
StepIII.Reading Comprehension:
1.The writer went to a bookstore______.
A in search of some dictionaries
B to buy a geography book
C to find some books he wanted
D to look for a friend
2.The young boy was interested in geography because he wanted to______.
A travel B trade with foreign countries countries
C be a sailor like his father D study it at college
3.The young boy looked up at the writer with a weak smile when the shop assistant refused his request. This showed that he was_______.
A delighted B content C disappointed D curious
4.The writer followed the boy to find out whether he______.
A could get more money B could get what he wanted
C would buy something else D would go home
5.After the fifth bookstore, the boy decided ______in order to know whether he could get one.
A to try one more bookstore
B to try all the bookstores in town
C to try two more bookstores
D to try four more bookstores
StepIV.Pair work:
1. Why do you think the boy had a weak smile on his face?
2. Why was the boy surprised at the writer’s request?
3. What was the boy determined to do?
4. Why do you think the boy could not go to school?
5. What was wise about the boy’s decision in the last bookstore?
6. For what reasons might the writer envy the boy?
StepV. Fill in blanks:
1.At the boy’s last remark, the bookseller looke at him curiously.I told him what I had seen and heard at the five other places. To the boy’s delight, the bookseler gave him a nice new pencil and some writing paper.
2.Tears of joy filled his eyes. For one moment I thought he was going to burst into tears. “Thank you very much indeed,sir,”he said. “I hope that one day I shall be able to repay you.”
3.He asked for my name and I told him. Then I left him standing by the counter so happy that I almost envied him.
StepVI.Learn some words through the contents.(語境中領悟詞的意義及用法)
1. How eagerly he looked up at the sales assistant for an answer,and how disappointed he looked when the man refused his request!Looking up at me with a weak smile, the boy left the store.I followed him.（After the illness, his leg felt weak.）
2. A:Why do you want it so badly?
B:To study,sir.I can’t go to school, but when I have time I study at home.
[badly:adv. a great deal, very much. For example: 1. Do you have a pen,I need it badly.
2)Look at his hair! He is badly in need of a haircut.]
3. “Well, in that case it’ll do just as well, and then I shall have twelve cents left to buy some other book. I’m glad they didn’t let me have one at any of the other places.”
(do:to be suitable.行，成。例：This little bed will do for our youngest daughter.
That won’t do.那不行。
It doesn’t do to work too much.工作過度就不行。）
StepIII.Language points:
1.leave sb. doing sth．leave sb. 后面可帶現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、介詞短語等作賓語補足語，leave在這些結(jié)構(gòu)中作“讓（繼續(xù)處于某種狀態(tài)）”解釋。如：
①They walked off and left me sitting there all by myself.
他們走掉了，讓我一個人孤零零地坐在那里。
②His letter left me feeling pretty bad.他的信使我感到相當難受。
③I'm sorry I've left some of your questions unanswered.很抱歉，你有些問題我沒有回答。
④He will never leave a job unfinished.他干什么事從來沒有不干完的
有時也可帶不定式作復合賓語。如：
①Leave him to do it himself. 讓他一個人去做。
②I'll leave you to settle all the business.我委托你來處理全部事務。
2．表示道歉和應答時所使用的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：
1）I'm sorry. （Sorry. ）對不起�。ū福。ㄟ@是表示道歉的普通用語，其中Sorry更為隨便些。
③Excuse me. 請原諒，或?qū)Σ黄�。（用這句話表示歉意，實際上是一種打招呼的口頭語。一般多用于對陌生人詢問，請求某事之前，或者用在打斷別人講話之前，表示不同意見以及暫時要離開一會兒等場合。如：Excuse me, sir, will you tell me the way to the station? 勞駕！先生，請問去車站走哪條路？當你在人前打噴嚏時，或不小心碰了別人時都要說Excuse me，這樣顯得有禮貌。）
2）That's all right. 沒關(guān)系。（這是回答別人道歉時的普通用語，語氣較隨便。也可說成：That's OK. ）其他說法還有：
①It doesn't matter. 不要緊。（這也是回答道歉的常用語，其意思與“Never mind.”相同。）
③That's nothing. 沒什么。（也是一句普通的回答道歉常用語。象這樣的用語還有：It's not your fault. Not at all. 等。）
①A：Excuse me, but is it seven o'clock yet?
B：I'm sorry, but I haven't a watch.
A：It doesn't matter.
I'll try the man over there. He will know.
②A：I'm sorry for the inconvenience.
B：That's all right.
③A：Sorry, did I step on your toe?
B：That's nothing.
3．And in the end he did land us safe, …
did可以用來強調(diào)一般過去時的肯定謂語。do用來強調(diào)肯定祈使句和主語為第一人稱、第二人稱和第三人稱復數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在時的肯定謂語。does用來強調(diào)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)的一般現(xiàn)在時的肯定謂語。
【注意】用了did或does表示強調(diào)后，謂語動詞必須用原形。例如：
①Do come tomorrow! 明天務必來！
②He does like singing. 他確實喜歡唱歌。
③He did work here last year. 他去年確實在這里工作。
StepV:Exercises:
1．When ______, water can be changed into vapor．[A]
A．heated B．heats C．heating D．to heat
2．Frank tried to think of a good excuse to ______ the meeting．[B]?
A．get off with B．get out of C．get away D．get over for
3．If I ______ the money, I would have bought a much bigger car．[D]
A．possessed B．owned C．had D．had had
4．Many people love to ______ off their possessions before others．[B]
A．give B．show C．turn D．take
6．They say such ill things about you out of ______．[A]
A．envy B．congratulation C．respect D．fear
7．Don't look ______ immediate results from this medicine．[A]
A．for B．a(chǎn)t C．a(chǎn)fter D．up
Lesson 31教學設計方案
StepI.Fast reading:(search for answer:give the Ss 2-3 minutes.)
1.Did the ship sink during the voyage?
2.who was the captain?
StepII.Retell:How did the captain land them safe?
StepIII.Fill in blanks.(Silent reading and pay special attention to the key words.)
1.Many years later, I was sailing to Europe on a fine sailing ship across the Atlantic.For the greater part of the voyage we had pleasant weather, but towards the end of our crossing a terrible storm came up and the ship would have sunk with all on board but for the efforts of the captain.(paragraph1)
2.The ship started to leak and began to fill with water. The sailors were strong, able and willing.But after pumping for one whole night,they were losing the battle against the rising water and were on the point of giving up.(paragraph2)
3.Three times during that day we were on the point of giving up. But the captain’s courage, determination and iron will forced us to continue, and we went back to the pumps. “I will land you safe in Livepool,”he cried, “if you will stay strong and firm with me.”
StepIV.Learn some words through the context.(語境中體會詞的語意與用法。)
1．The captain, as soon as he realized the situation,took charge.He ordered the sailors back to their pumps and encouraged them fiercely to save the ship.His strong will doubled their efforts.
[a.fiercely:(of heat,strong feeling,etc)very great;angrily,violently and cruely.]
例:The mother lion shouted fiecely at losing his baby in the forest.
The fierce heat of the tropical sun almost burnt us.
He made a fiece speech, urging them to fight.
[b.will:power to control one’s mind and body----克制力，意志力；
what is wished or intended(by the stated person)-----（某人的愿望）]
例：She has such a strong will;she won’t do what we say.
Her death is God’s will.
He didn’t have the will to change.他沒有改變的毅力。
2． The determination that thirty years ago got you that geography book has today saved our lives.
[get---to make sb. have,to cause to do]
例：I got him to help me when I moved the furniture.
I can’t get the car to start.
Stepv.languge points:
1.The ship would have sunk with all the passengers on it, if the captain had not made the efforts.)要不是由于船長的努力，我們就連船帶人都沉沒了。
but for 是短語介詞( =without), 意思是“如果不是……”，后跟名詞。but for...相當于一個虛擬條件句，因此，句中謂語動詞要用虛擬語氣。
But for the snow we would have had a very pleasant journey. ( =If there hadn't been snow, we would have had a very pleasant journey.) 如果不下雪，我們的旅行是非常愉快的。
I would not have succeeded but for your help. ( =If I hadn't had your help, I wouldn't have succeeded.) 要是沒有你的幫忙，我是不會成功的。
2. But after pumping for one whole night, they were losing the battle against the rising water and were on the point of giving up. 但是經(jīng)過一整夜的抽水之后，他們沒能戰(zhàn)勝不斷上升的水，他快要放棄努力了。
解析：句中的 ... and were on the point of giving up 意思相當于... they were about to stop pumping。注意，be on the point of表示“正要（去做事）”的意思。
I was just on the point of going when you came in. 我正要出去，這時你進來了。
3. Neither I nor any of the sailors will leave the ship so long as it remains above the surface of the sea. 只要是這艘船還在海面上，無論是我還是水手都不會棄船而去。
1) 并列連詞詞組neither ... nor 用來把兩個否定的概念結(jié)合在一起，表示“既不……又不”的意思，它可連接句中兩個相同的成分。在連接兩個主語時，一般情況下動詞和靠近它的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。例如：
Neither you nor he is right. 你和他都不對。（連接兩個主語，動詞為is）
Neither he nor we have any doubt of it. 他不懷疑這件事，我們也不懷疑。（連接兩個主語，動詞為have）
I have neither time nor money. 我沒有時間，也沒有錢。
4. And in the end he did land us safe .... 最后他的確把我們平安地送上了岸……
解析：1)in the end與finally, at last都可作“最后”解，但用法有所不同。finally有兩個用法：一個在列舉事物或論點時，可用來引出最后一項內(nèi)容；二是用在句中動詞前面，表示“等了好久才……”
We waited and waited, and the train finally arrived. 我們等了又等，火車終于來了。
at last 也可以用來表示“等候或耽誤了很多時間之后才……”，語氣比較強烈。
At last the work was done and he could rest. 最后，工作完成了，他可以休息了。
in the end 表示經(jīng)過許多變化、困難和捉摸不定的情況以后，某事才發(fā)生。in the end 相當于at last 的用法和finally的第二用法。
They won in the end.最后他們贏了。
StepVI.Exercises:
A.Correct mistakes:
下面各句畫線部分是一處錯誤，請把正確的表達形式寫出來
1.You are obviously a person with great courage.
分析：with改為of。有的同學先把此句譯成漢語，覺得很像China is a country with a long history。因此就套用。這里with意思是“具有，帶有”，而of 則表示“具有某種性質(zhì)、內(nèi)容、狀況等”。如：a man of ability 能干的人，a cup of tea 一杯茶。
2.For one moment I thought he was going to burst out tears.
分析：Out 改為into。burst 在這里有“突發(fā)”之意。應注意英語中的固定短語：
burst into tears 放聲大哭 burst into laughter 突然大笑起來
burst into the room 闖進房間來 burst out crying 突然大哭起來
burst out laughing 突然大笑起來
3.The captain, as soon as he realized the situation, took charge of .
分析：去掉of。take charge 意思是“掌管，負責，看管”。因為take charge of 意思是“掌管（負責，看管）……”。后面應有賓語如：He took charge of editoring in the company.
4.Besides, my father was a sailor, and I want to know about all the places where he used to go to.
分析：去掉where 。本句where 引導的應是一個定語從句。有的同學一看見先行詞是表示地點的名詞，就選用關(guān)系副詞Where, 忽略了定語從句中缺的是介詞賓語（名詞），而不是地點狀語。
B.Choose the correct answer:
1.Please get someone ______ the washing machine, I want to get it ______ as soon as possible．[D]
A．to repair; to be repaired B．repair; repaired
C．to repair; to be repaired D．to repair; repaired
2．I can't ______ you running up and down all day long．[C]
A．permit B．let C．have D．a(chǎn)llow
3．My father ______ such a thing．[D]
A．can't say B．could't say C．may not say D．can't have said
4．----Who told you about Dad's illness? [D]
----The doctor in ______．
A．connection B．turn C．pubilc D．charge
5．She ______ when I go to see her．[A]
A．is always working B．a(chǎn)lways worked
C．has always worked D．was always working
聽力完形教案
I.Listen for three times and finish filling the blanks.（It can help Ss concentrate on listening.）
Down the well!
You are going to listen to a story which happened in a village.The story is told by Jack,who worked on a farm.
It was an evening in October,1920.I was up at the top part of the farm looking after the horses.
Everyone else had gone home for their tea,and I was the only one around. I’d given the horses their food and I needed to pump up some water.I went over to the well and stood on the wooden cover and took the iron handle in my hands. It was always a hard job to get the pump going and I set to work as hard as I could. After working the pump handle a few times, there was a luod noise and the cover broke. No warning at all! It disappeared under my feet and I followed it,down the well!It was a frightening fall, I can tell you,going down into the darkness.The rough stones on the sides of the well tore my shirt and tore the skin off my back.Crash! I landed at the bottom with my legs either side of a metal bar that ran across the bottom of the well just a couple of feet above the water. The pain was so great that everything went black for a few minutes.A bit later I looked up to the top of the well. I could see a circle of light and the evening sky above it .There was a face at the top of the well,making little noises. It was my dog Teg.I shouted at it”Go and get help!”but it didn’t move.I shouted once or twice but I knew no one would be up here before morning. I had to climb out by myself. Luckily the sides of the well were rough enough for me to climb, and I pulled myself up the water pipe that ran down the side of the well.I got to the top and managed to walk home.When I woke up, the doctor was at my bedside.
II．完形填空
Billy is fourteen fears old and in the ninth grade. He has a 1 job which gets him _2__ every morning at five o'clock. He is a newspaper boy.
Each morning, Billy 3 the house at 5:15 to go to the corner 4 the newspapers are. The newspapers were delivered to the corner by truck at midnight. He always takes a wagon （手推車）to carry them.
In the 5 it is still dark when he gets up, but during he rest of the year it is 6 . Billy must deliver the newspapers to the houses of people on his route 7 all kinds of weather. He tries to put each 8 on the porch （門廊）where it will be protected from wind and rain or snow. His 9 think he does a good job. Sometimes they give him tips.
Billy 10 about $ 70 per month, and he is 11 some of the money to go to college. He spends the rest 12 records and clothes. Once a month, he has to 13 money from his customers. Since many of them work during the day, Billy has to collect the money 14 .Sometimes, when Billy is 15 , his older brother has to 16 the newspapers. Once Billy's father had to help.
Billy has seventy customers now, 17 he hopes to get more soon. Some day, if he gets 18 more customers, Billy might win a prize for being an outstanding （杰出的）newspaper boy. He wants to win a 19 to Europe, but he will also be happy 20 he wins a new bicycle.
1．A. full-time B. strange C. good D. part-time
［解析］首句交代Billy是一中學生，所以推斷出他只能是“半工半讀”。
答案：D
2．A. to carry papers B. to go to work
C. to go to school D. up
［解析］從下文看，Billy五點一刻出門，那么五點鐘只能是“起床”的時間，不可能干另外三項事。答案：D
3．A. leaves B. reached C. left D. reaches
［解析］由下文to the corner 可知此處為“離家”；由全文時態(tài)背景判斷應用現(xiàn)在時。答案：A
4．A. that B. where C. which D. whether
［解析］關(guān)系副詞where引導定語從句，說明取報的地點。答案：B
5．A. east B. winter C. morning D. summer
［解析］由常識推測，又從下文the rest of the year 可知此處指一年中天亮得最晚的冬季。
答案：B
6．A. light B. cloudy C. sunny D. cold
［解析］表示轉(zhuǎn)折，故選dark的反義詞 light。答案：A
7．A. by B. on C. in D. with 答案：C
8．A. paper B. magazine C. letter D. newspapers
［解析］既為送報，又有each,自然選paper。答案：A
9．A. teachers B. parents C. bosses D. customers
［解析］與下空聯(lián)系起來看：顧客給小費。 答案：D
10．A. earns B. saves C. spends D. pays 答案：A
11．A. borrowing B. collecting C. making D. saving
［解析］應了解西方青年主張自主，自己存錢上大學這類常情。答案：D
12．A. in B. at C. to D. on 答案：D
13．A. give B. borrow C. collect D. seize
［解析］每月上門收款；下文也有提示。答案：C
14．A. in the morning B. at night C. in the afternoon D. at noon
［解析］與上文during the day 相對照。 答案：B
15．A. sick B. angry C. at school D. sad
［解析］從全文可知Billy是個好報童，只有“生病”才可能是他中斷送報的原因。
答案：A
16．A. carry B. collect C. deliver D. sell 答案：C
17．A. thus B. but C. so D. for
［解析］認為已有70名顧客還不夠……，此處為轉(zhuǎn)折語氣. 答案：B
18．A. much B. even C. many D. still
［解析］more后為復數(shù)名詞customers，故用many。 答案：C
19．A. trip B. car C. bicycle D. job
［解析］最后這兩句說明，Billy如當上an outstanding newspaper boy（最佳報童），則可能得到a prize；a trip to Europe，也可能是a new bicycle。 答案：A
20．A. because B. whether C. unless D. if
［解析］ 此處并非確有其事，只是假設。 答案：D
探究活動
Premier Zhu Rongji is meeting the press in the Great Hall of the People Friday morning and will answer questions on domestic(國內(nèi)的) and international issues（事件）.
The press conference（記者招待會）, held by the just－concluded Fifth Session of the Ninth National People's Congress（五屆人大五次會議）, is expected（預計） to last about one hour.
Three teenagers seek advice from a woman doctor at the teenager clinic on March 2. The clinic, attached to（隸屬于） the Beijing No. 2 Hospital, was the first one in China for teenagers to cater to （滿足） their special needs, and people under the age of 23 will be taught rudiments（初步） on physiological growth, making friends of opposite sex, pregnancy（懷孕） and safe sex（性安全）.
A person of great determination
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